Colon lipoma is a rare benign disease in the gastrointestinal tract with an incidence rate of approximately 0.035%-4.4%. The disease is often asymptomatic, so it is frequently discovered incidentally through endoscopy, computed tomography , or autopsy. When the tumor is over 2 cm in size, symptoms such as abdominal pain, bowel disorders, and bowel obstruction are common. Surgery is considered the mainstay of treatment for colonic lipomas. Furthermore, surgical (rather than endoscopic) resection is preferred for lipomas >2 cm to avoid complications such as bleeding and perforation. We report on a 61-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with a 4-cm descending colonic fat tumor detected by endoscopy and computed tomography and confirmed by pathology.

Background Spontaneous gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess (GFPLA) is a rare complication with a high fatality rate in spite of aggressive management. Clinical spectrum of GFPLA can mimic hollow viscus perforation as it usually accompanied by pneumoperitoneum and peritonitis. Up to now, GFPLA has not been well studied in Vietnam. Case presentation We reported here a case with pneumoperitoneum caused by ruptured liver abscess in a 41-year-old man with a history of treated duodenal ulcer and uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus. He had an epigastric pain associated with a high fever. Patient was diagnosed peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum presumed to be secondary to perforation of a hollow viscus and subjected to emergency laparotomy. We did not find any gastrointestinal perforation. Surprisingly, we detected a 4 cm × 4 cm pus-containing abscess in the left liver lobe of the liver. The abscess was ruptured. Pus was running into abdominal cavity through one hole. The abscess and abdominal cavities were cleaned up and abscess and abdominal drainages were performed. K. pneumoniae was isolated from culture of the abscess. The histopathological examination of the abscess did not yield any evidence of malignancy. Blood glucose levels were controlled. Antibiotic therapy was used according to antibiogram. A reassessment chest X-ray showed no air-fluid level or subdiaphragmatic air by the hospital day 14. Patient eventually made a full recovery and was discharged home 23 days after the operation. Conclusions Ruptured GFPLA is a life-threatening complication. It is usually accompanied by peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum and can imitate hollow viscous perforation. In these cases, CT scan should be performed whenever it is possible to make a correct diagnosis. When the abscess has small size, partial hepatectomy might not be necessary and could be replaced by a careful cleaning and drainage of the abscess. Patient could show a good postoperative recovery following an appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Background: Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLD) in rectal cancer has been carried out in several major centers. However, there are still many controversial issues regarding this method such as feasibility, safety, and oncological outcome. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes, safety, and feasibility of LPLD. Methods: This was a retrospective study. A total of 117 patients with lower rectal cancer (clinical stage II/III) below the peritoneal reflection underwent surgery between January 2019 and November 2020 at 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Results: Total amount of 25 patients underwent laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) plus LPLD and 92 patients underwent laparoscopic TME without LPLD. The rate of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in the LPLD group was 16% (4/25), of which 12% (3/25) were on the left side and 4% (1/25) were on the right side. The rate of intraoperative complications in the LPLD group was significantly higher at 16.0% (4/25) compared with 3.3% (3/92) in the TME only group (p = 0.037). There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of postoperative complications between the two groups (24.0% of patients in the LPLD group compared with 26.1% patients in the no LPLD group, p = 0.832). Conclusion: Pelvic lymphadenectomy has an important role in the treatment of advanced lower rectal cancer. LPLD is a safe and feasible procedure. However, it is necessary to study a larger number of patients with a longer follow-up period to fully evaluate oncological outcomes.

Nowadays, software vulnerabilities pose a serious problem, because cyber-attackers often find ways to attack a system by exploiting software vulnerabilities. Detecting software vulnerabilities can be done using two main methods: i) signature-based detection, i.e. methods based on a list of known security vulnerabilities as a basis for contrasting and comparing; ii) behavior analysis-based detection using classification algorithms, i.e., methods based on analyzing the software code. In order to improve the ability to accurately detect software security vulnerabilities, this study proposes a new approach based on a technique of analyzing and standardizing software code and the random forest (RF) classification algorithm. The novelty and advantages of our proposed method are that to determine abnormal behavior of functions in the software, instead of trying to define behaviors of functions, this study uses the Word2vec natural language processing model to normalize and extract features of functions. Finally, to detect security vulnerabilities in the functions, this study proposes to use a popular and effective supervised machine learning algorithm.

Cyber-attack is a very hot topic today. Nowadays, systems must always be connected to the internet, and network infrastructure keeps growing in both scale and complexity. Therefore, the problem of detecting and warning cyber-attacks is now very urgent. To improve the effectiveness of detecting cyber-attacks, many methods and techniques were applied. In this paper, we propose to apply two methods of optimizing cyber-attack detection based on the IDS 2018 dataset using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and machine learning algorithms. In the experimental section, we compare and evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm through 2 parameters: detection and processing time, and the accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the model using optimized features has brought an apparent and better effect than models that have not reduced the feature dimension. Keywords— PCA; Network traffic; Anomaly; Cyberattack detection.