In this article, the sea surface temperature trends and the influence of ENSO on the southwest sea of Vietnam were analyzed using the continuous satellite-acquired data sequence of SST in the period of 2002–2018. GIS and average statistical methods were applied to calculate the average monthly and seasonal sea surface temperature, the seasonal sea surface temperature anomalies for each year and for the whole study period. Subsequently, the changing trends of sea surface temperature in the northeast and southwest monsoon seasons were estimated using linear regression analysis. Research results indicated that the sea surface temperature changed significantly throughout the calendar year, in which the maximum and minimum sea surface temperature are 31oC in May and 26oC in January respectively. Sea surface temperature trends range from 0oC/year to 0.05oC/year during the Northeast monsoon season and from 0.025oC/year to 0.055oC/year during the southwest monsoon season. Results based on the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) analysis also show that the sea surface temperature in the study area and adjacent areas is strongly influenced and significantly fluctuates during El Niño and La Niña episodes.
A prospective descriptive study was conducted from August 2021 to September 2021 to describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients at the field hospital of Dong Thap Community College. The study collected epidemiological data of 240 subjects. The results indicated that the male/female ratio was 1.2/1; the mean age was 29.2±15.1 (1- 65 years old). The most typical clinical symptoms of the disease are cough (45.8%), fever (45%), stuffy nose (21.7%), anosmia (13.8%), ageusia (12.9%), and shortness of breath (4.6%). Most patients have mild symptoms and a high recovery rate. This study contributes to a general assessment of clinical, subclinical factors, treatment results of COVID-19 patients in general and COVID-19 subjects at the field hospital of Dong Thap Community College in particular, which is the basis for better disease prevention measures. Keywords: COVID-19, clinical features, Ct index, treatment results. References [1] H. A. Rothan, S. N. Byrareddy, The Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak, J. Autoimmun, Vol. 109, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433.[2] D. Cucinotta, WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic, Acta Biomed, Vol. 91, No.1, 2020, pp. 157-160, https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397.[3] WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, Global Situation, https://covid19.who.int/ ( accessed on: January 19th, 2022).[4] Y. Xie, Z. Wang, Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Laboratory Findings of the COVID-19 in the Current Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol. 20, 2020, pp. 640, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05371-2.[5] T. V. Giang, N. T. Ngoc, Clinical and Subclinical Characteristics of Patients With Pneumonia Cause by COVID-19 Treated at National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Vietnam Medical Journal, Vol. 509, 2021, pp. 348-351 https://doi.org/10.51298/vmj.v509i1.1770 (in Vietnamese ).[6] W. J. Guan, Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, N Engl J Med, Vol. 382, 2020, pp.1708-1720, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.04.004.[7] Y. Lee, Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients, J Korean Med Sci, Vol. 35, No. 18, 2020, pp.174, https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e174.[8] A. Singanayagam, Duration of Infectiousness and Correlation with RT-PCR Cycle Threshold Values in Cases of COVID-19, England, January to May 2020, Euro Surveill, Vol. 25, No. 32, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32. 2001483.[9] A. Jain, Is There a Correlation Between Viral Load and Olfactory & Taste Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients?, Am J Otolaryngol, Vol. 42, No. 3,2020, pp.102911, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.102911.
Root fractures are relatively uncommon compared to other types of dental traumas. It is sometimes extremely difficult for practitioners to decide what should be done and which approach was the optimal choice for patients. This study describes the treatment of an oblique root fracture in the right maxillary central incisor (tooth 11) using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and lingual splint with composite and 0.3 mm 3-strand twisted stainless steel wire. The study performs a detailed management from the first visit to the next appointments. After four months, the tooth was asymptomatic with neither discoloration nor draining sinus. Radiographs show the increasing of periapical radiolucency in the fracture area. Thus, the tooth needs further interventions. Keywords: Dental trauma, root fracture, mineral trioxide aggregate, dental trauma splint. References [1] J. O. Andreasen, L. Andreasen, F. M. Andreasen, R. Fractures, F. M. Andreasen, J. O. Andreasen, G. Tsilingaridis, Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuties to the Teeth, John Wiley & Sons Ltd Edition, UK, 2019, pp. 377-407.[2] M. Gharechahi, Horizontal Root Fracture Accompanied by Luxation of Coronal Fragment in a Maxillary Central Incisor: a Case Report, Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2013, pp. 244-247, https://doi.org/10.5681/joddd.2013.039.[3] M. M. Bornstein, A. B. W. Hanssen, P. Sendi, T. Von Arx, Comparison of Intraoral Radiography and Limited Cone Beam Computed Tomography for the Assessment of Root-Fractured Permanent Teeth, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 25, No. 6, 2009, pp. 571-577, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00833.x.[4] J. J. May, N. Cohenca, O. A. Peters, Contemporary Management of Horizontal Root Fractures to the Permanent Dentition: Diagnosis-Radiologic Assessment to Include Cone-beam Computed Tomography, Journal of. Endodontics., Vol. 39, No. 3, 2013, pp. S20-S25, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.022.[5] P. Makowiecki, A. Witek, J. Pol, J. B. Radlińska, The Maintenance of Pulp Health 17 Years After Root Fracture in a Maxillary Incisor Illustrating the Diagnostic Benefits of Cone Beam Computed Tomography, International Endodontic Journal, Vol. 47, No. 9, 2014, pp. 889-895, https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12221.[6] C. Bourguignon, International Association of Dental Traumatology Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 1. Fractures and Luxations, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2020, pp. 314-330, https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12578.[7] American Association of Endodontists, , The Recommended Guidelines of American Association of Endodontists for the Treatment of Traumatic Dental Injuries, https://www.aae.org/specialty/clinical-resources/treatment-planning/traumatic-dental-injuries/, 2013 (accessed on: September 5th, 2013).[8] P. V. Abbott, Diagnosis and Management of Transverse Root Fractures, Journal of Endodontic, Vol. 45, No. 12, 2019, pp. S13-S27, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.joen.2019.05.009.[9] M. Torabinejad, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Properties and Clinical Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, USA, 2005.[10] R. V. Roudsari, S. Jawad, C. Taylor, J. Darcey, A. Qualtrough, Modern Endodontic Principles Part 8: The Future of Endodontics, Dental Update, Vol. 43, No. 5, 2016, pp. 430-441, https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2016.43.5.430.[11] F. Guerrero, A. Mendoza, D. Ribas, K. Aspiazu, Apexification: A Systematic Review, Journal of Conservative Dentistry, Vol. 21, No. 5, 2018, pp. 462, https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_96_18.[12] R. Rothom , P. Chuveera, Differences in Healing of a Horizontal Root Fracture as Seen on Conventional Periapical Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Case Reports in Dentistry, Vol. 2017, 2017, pp. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2728964.[13] N. Hadziabdic, The Basics of Splinting in Dentoalveolar Traumatology, Maxillofacial Surgery and Craniofacial Deformity - Practices and Updates, 2020, pp. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88061.[14] S. Gautam, A. Thapa, Composite Wire Splint , an Economical , Maintainable and Flexible Option , in Stabilizing Luxated , Avulsed and Intruded Teeth : A Prospective Study, Nepal Medical College Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3-4, 2016, pp. 124-127. [15] K. Oikarinen, Comparison of the Flexibility of Various Splinting Methods for Tooth Fixation, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol. 17, No. 2, 1988, pp. 125-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0901-5027(88)80166-8.[16] K. Oikarinen, Tooth Splinting: A Review of the Literature and Consideration of the Versatility of a Wire‐Composite Splint, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 6, No. 6, 1990, pp. 237-250, https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00426.x.[17] S. C. Kwan, J. D. Johnson, N. Cohenca, The Effect of Splint Material and Thickness on Tooth Mobility After Extraction and Replantation Using a Human Cadaveric Model, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2012, pp. 277-281, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.16009657.2011.01086.x.[18] M. Khalid Saeed, T. Muhammad Arslan, W. Ali, S. S. Kazmi, A Comparison of Two Wire-Composite Splints Having Different Wire Diameters in the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries, Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2019, pp. 56, https://www.podj.com.pk/index.php/podj/article/view/348 (accessed on: September 5th, 2013).[19] Y. Zhu, H. Chen, L. Cen, J. Wang, Influence of Abutment Tooth Position and Adhesive Point Dimension on the Rigidity of a Dental Trauma Wire-Composite Splint, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2016, pp. 225-230, https://doi.org/ 10.1111/edt.12241.[20] K. A. Ebeleseder, K. Glockner, C. Pertl, P. Städtler, Splints Made of Wire and Composite: an Investigation of Lateral Tooth Mobility In vivo, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 11, No. 6, 1995, pp. 288-293, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657. 1995.tb00506.x.[21] C. Berthold, A. Thaler, A. Petschelt, Rigidity of Commonly Used Dental Trauma Splints, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2009, pp. 248-255, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.16009657.2008.00683.x.[22] C. Berthold, F. J. Auer, S. Potapov, A. Petschelt, Influence of Wire Extension and Type on Splint Rigidity - Evaluation by a Dynamic and a Static Measuring Method, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 27, No. 6, 2011, pp. 422-431, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.16009657.2011.01033.x.[23] G. Hu, J. Y. Heithersay, Australian Dental Association, Australian Dental Journal, Vol. 56, No. 4, 2011, pp. S16-S17, https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1834-7819.1974.tb05045.x.[24] B. Kahler, J. Y. Hu, C. S. M. Smith, G. S. Heithersay, Splinting of Teeth Following Trauma: A Review and a New Splinting Recommendation, Australian Dental Journal, Vol. 61, 2016, pp. 59-73, https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12398.[25] H. S. Zagalska, K. Emerich, Assessment of a Power Chain as a New Dental Trauma Splint and Its Comparison With Two Commonly Used Splinting Materials, Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 23, 2020, pp. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238398.[26] M. W. B. Hassan, L. Andersson, P. W. Lucas, Stiffness Characteristics of Splints for Fixation of Traumatized Teeth, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2016, pp. 140-145, https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12234.[27] T. Shirako, H. Churei, T. Wada, M. Uo, T. Ueno, Establishment of Experimental Models to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Dental Trauma Splints, Dental Materials Journal, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2017, pp. 731-739, https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2016-333.[28] J. O. Andreasen, F. M. Andreasen, A. Skeie, E. H. Hansen, O. Schwartz, Effect of Treatment Delay upon Pulp and Periodontal Healing of Traumatic Dental Injuries - A Review Article, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2002, pp. 116-128, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.00079.x.[29] J. O. Andreasen, F. M. Andreasen, I. Mejàre, M. Cvek, Healing of 400 Intra-Alveolar Root Fractures. 2. Effect of Treatment Factors such as Treatment Delay, Repositioning, Splinting Type and Period and Antibiotics, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2004, pp. 203-211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2004.00278.x.[30] R. R. Welbury, M. J. Kinirons, P. Day, K. Humphreys, T. A. Gregg, Outcomes for Root-Fractured Permanent Incisors: A Retrospective Study, Pediatric Dentistry, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2002, pp. 98-102.[31] L. Shafie, F. Farzaneh, M. A. Hashemipour, Repair of Horizontal Root Fracture: A Case Report, Iranian Endodontic Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2011, pp. 176-178, https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v6i4.2464[32] A. Majorana, S. Pasini, E. Bardellini, E. Keller, Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Traumatic Root Fractures, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2002, pp. 77-80, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.16009657.2002.180206.x.[33] F. M. Andreasen, J. O. Andreasen, T. Bayer, Prognosis of Root‐Fractured Permanent Incisors — Prediction of Healing Modalities, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1989, pp. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1989.tb00331.x.[34] Y. J. A. Kim, N. P. Chandler, Determination of Working Length for Teeth With Wide or Immature Apices: A Review, International Endodontic Journal, Vol. 46, No. 6, 2013, pp. 483-491, https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12032.[35] F. Goldberg, S. Frajlich, S. Kuttler, E. Manzur, B. B. Marroquín, The Evaluation of Four Electronic Apex Locators in Teeth with Simulated Horizontal Oblique Root Fractures, Journal of Endodontics, Vol. 34, No. 12, 2008, pp. 1497-1499, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.09.002.[36] J. O. Andreasen, B. Farik, E. C. Munksgaard, Long-Term Calcium Hydroxide as a Root Canal Dressing may Increase Risk of Root Fracture, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2002, pp. 134-137, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657 .2002.00097.x.[37] D. R. Prithviraj, H. K. Bhalla, R. Vashisht, K. M. Regish, P. Suresh, An Overview of Management of Root Fractures, Kathmandu University Medical Journal, Vol. 12, No. 47, 2014, pp. 217-225, https://doi.org/10.3126/ kumj.v12i3.13724.[38] M. Singh, M. M. Khan, B. L. Bhavya, H. Tiwari, P. Gupta, A. Choudhary, Success Rate of Calcium Hydroxide vs Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Apexification Agents : A Systematic Review, Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, Vol. 25, No. 6, 2021, pp. 835-839, https://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/5499 (accessed on: September 5th, 2013).[39] C. M. Bramante, R. Menezes, I. G. Moraes, N. Bernardinelli, R. B. Garcia, A. Letra, Use of MTA and Intracanal Post Reinforcement in a Horizontally Fractured Tooth: A Case Report, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 22, No. 5, 2006, pp. 275-278, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00353.x.[40] G. Erdem, A. P. Ozdas, D. O. Dincol, E. Aren, Case Series-Root Healing with MTA after Horizontal Fracture, European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry: Official Journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, pp. 110-113, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03321611.[41] K. Er, D. Çelik, T. Taşdemir, T. Yildirim, Treatment of Horizontal Root Fractures Using a Triple Antibiotic Paste and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Case Report, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and. Endodontology, Vol. 108, No. 1, 2009, pp. 63-66, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.03.028.[42] A. Kusgoz, T. Yildirim, M. Tanriver, C. Yesilyurt, Treatment of Horizontal Root Fractures Using MTA as Apical Plug: Report of 3 Cases, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, Vol. 107, No. 5, 2009, pp. e68-e72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.01.031.[43] D. Kim, W. Yue, T. C. Yoon, S. H. Park, E. Kim, Healing of Horizontal Intra-Alveolar Root Fractures after Endodontic Treatment with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Journal of Endodontics, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2016, pp. 230-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2015.11.016.[44] P. Yadav, P. J. Pruthi, R. R. Naval, S. Talwar, M. Verma, Novel Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix and MTA as an Apical Barrier in the Management of a Failed Revascularization Case, Dental Traumatology, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2015, pp. 328-331, https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12168.
The paper presents results of analysis of water indices using remote sensing data to extract an instantaneous shoreline at the time of image acquisition on the southwest coast of Vietnam. The water indices as NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index), and AWEI (Automated Water Extraction Index) were calculated from Landsat 8 OLI imagery. Then, an extracted distribution histogram of water indices’ values in the study area was used to separate the land from the sea. The position having abnormal frequency of pixels on the histogram is the threshold value to determine the boundary of land and water, and it is considered the shoreline. The study showed the threshold values of NDWI, MNDWI and AWEI which were defined at 0.12, 0.17 and 0.18 respectively. The precision of shoreline extraction from each respective water index was verified by field survey data using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) methods. The verified results showed that MAE and MSE of the shorelines extracted from all three water indices were lower than an allowed limit of 30 m (equivalent to spatial resolution of the Landsat 8 image). However, the shoreline extracted from AWEI had the highest accuracy and it was considered the most appropriate shoreline at the acquisition time of image.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.