Drawing from published and gray literature, this manuscript focuses on the following topics: (1) changing patterns of substance use and abuse in Vietnam since the early 1990s; (2) the roles of substance use in the HIV epidemic; (3) the responses of the Vietnamese government and other entities (both domestic and international) to substance use disorders (SUDs) and HIV; and (4) the current research capacity in Vietnam and ways in which furthering research in Vietnam could enrich our knowledge of the linkages between SUDs and HIV and of effective measures to reduce their public health consequences. A growing number of studies during the past two decades show dynamic and still evolving twin epidemics of SUDs and HIV in Vietnam, including a shift from consumption of opium to heroin and amphetamine-type stimulants, the concurrent use of drugs, and the increasing embrace by the government of internationally recognized effective responses (including harm reduction and methadone substitution therapy). And yet, remaining issues, such as the rapid ascendance of amphetamine-type stimulant use among the country's most vulnerable populations, the lack of effective integration of SUD and HIV services for HIV-infected drug users, and the reliance on international resources for maintaining quality services, among others, are posing challenges for building sustainable Vietnamese responses. Therefore, building local research and training capacity is a crucial foundation to meet these challenges.
Objectives: Determination of the prevalence of all chromosomal defects and its distribution in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness. Methodology: This is a retrospective study among pregnant women indicated for amniocentesis by nuchal translucency above 2.5 mm and consent to the study. 2720 cases were included to the study during 6 years’ period from 2015 to 2020. All singleton pregnancies whose nuchal transluciency measurements were equal or over 2.5mm, were indicated for amniocentesis. Results: The study was consist of 2720 amniocentesis in which fetal nuchal transluciency was elevated. The median maternal age was 29.19 years old (range 17-46), and the median fetal crown-rump length was 66.9 mm (range 45– 84). The fetal karyotype was abnormal in 560 (20.6%) pregnancies. The popular chromosomal conditions were including trisomy 21(55%), trisomy 18 (11.2%), trisomy 13 (3.9%), 45, XO (2.7%). Chromosomal aberrations rate was 17.6% at maternal age of 30- 34, 34% and 50.0% at maternal age of 35- 39 and ≥ 40 respectively. Conclusion: In fetuses with increased nuchal translucency, more than a half of the chromosomal aberrations were trisomy 21 (55.0%). Structural rearrangements were 22.5%. Advanced maternal age (above 35) increases the risk of chromosomal aberrations.
Introduction: Continuing Medical Education (CME) significantly improves the competency of healthcare workers in Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) clinics. However, CME courses are very costly, and a few participants fully attended a course. Online training is an alternative approach to efficiently improve training outcomes. The study assessed needs and possibility of online training courses of MMT clinics in southern Vietnam. Methods: A google form was designed to collect characteristics, man-powers, facilities, online activities and training needs of MMT clinics. E-mails were sent to all MMT clinics in southern Vietnam to ask for their participants. A representative of MMT clinics who satisfied the inclusion invited to complete the form. Result: 93 MMT clinics completed the survey. The response rate was 62% (93/150). One MMT clinic had 3 doctors/assistant doctors, 3 pharmacists/drug dispensers, 2 consultants and 3 other professionals on average. The number of clients visiting the clinic in the last month was 150. About 94% (93/95) of MMT clinics provide other additional services. On average, 385 clients came to MMT for other services. All clinics had adequate devices for online and blended training. Conclusion: MMT clinics had high training needs and were willing to attend online and blended training courses. Online and blended training were possible in MMT clinics.
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