Clonal propagation of elite palms is a promising possibility for pro ducing uniform planting material and improving productivity in coconut lands. In the absence of a natural vegetative propagation method, in vitro culture remains the only approach for vegetative multiplication of coconut.Immature inflorescence material has shown to be a promising source of explants for coconut tissue culture. In the present study, four different culture media (medium 72; modified Eeuwens Y3 medium; coconut anther culture medim; modified Blake's medium) were evaluated for callus induc tion in floral explants: Immature inflorescences were collected non-destructively from 12 year old Sri Lanka-tall coconut palms and rachilla segments obtained from these inflorescences were cultured on above media.Out of the four culture media tested, callus production was observed only in the explants cultured on medium 72. In this medium (which con tained 24 uM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.25% activated char coal), about 30% of the floral explants produced compact, highly embryogenie calli. Direct regeneration of shoots from floral primordia occurred at & very low frequency in the modified Eeuwens Y 3 medium which contained 200 pM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.2% activated charcoal. No callogenesis or direct organogenesis were observed in the floral explants cultured on the other two culture media tested.
Soil physical and water stress conditions adversely affect the biochemical aspects of coconut production. Field experiments were conducted in Madampe and Andigama soil series, to investigate the ATPase activity, starch conversion to glucose and accumulation of proline in leaves, absorption cells and respiratory organs of coconut roots and their interrelationships with respect to soil physical and water stress. After one and half years of the establishment of coconut seedlings in different horizons of both series, the moisture contents at three depletion levels viz.10 kPa to 30 kPa, 10 kPa to 100 kPa and 10 kPa to 1500 kPa were maintained using tensiometers and neutron scatteringtechnique in order to create moisture stress around root zone of coconut seedlings during the dry period. Detailed soil physical analysis showed that soil compaction limits the aeration and available water retention in soil horizons of both series. Evaluation of biochemical properties showed that the highest ATPase activity and starch conversion to glucose in leaves and absorption zone of coconut roots was observed in the B horizon of Madampe series at field capacity moisture level (10 kPa to 30 kPa suction), while the lowest activity was observed in the A horizon of Madampe series and B horizon of Andigama series at high water stress condition (100 kPa to 1500 kPa suction). However, the highest ATPase activity and starch conversion rate was observed in respiratory organs in A horizon of Madampe series. Moreover, the starch and proline accumulation in different parts of coconut seedling positively related with soil physical and water stress conditions (100-1500 kPa) prevalence in 'A' and 'B' horizons of Madampe and Andigama series respectively.
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