Previous studies suggesting that masculinity is a strong predictor of mental health in women have been generally limited to college student populations and measures of self-esteem. The present study investigated the relationship of masculinity to self-esteem and self-acceptance in female professionals (n = 89), clients (n = 52), and victims of domestic violence (n = 57) as well as college students (n = 83). The Personal Orientation Inventory, Bern Sex Role Inventory, and Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale were administered to subjects, together with a demographic data sheet. Correlations were used to examine the relationship and relative predictive significance of masculinity, femininity, education, occupation, and locus of control to self-esteem and self-acceptance. Masculinity was found to be the best predictor of self-esteem in all groups and the best predictor of self-acceptance in all groups except professionals. Femininity was generally irrelevant in all groups.
Previous studies that have suggested that masculinity is a strong predictor of mental health have been generally limited to college student populations or have focused specifically on women. This study investigated the relation of masculinity to self-esteem and self-acceptance in male professionals (n = 96), clients (n = 55), and college students (n = 73). The Personal Orientation Inventory, Bern Sex Role Inventory, and Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale were administered to the subjects, along with a demographic data sheet. Correlations were used to investigate the relation and relative predictive significance of masculinity, femininity, education, occupation, and locus of control to self-esteem and self-acceptance. Masculinity was found to be the best predictor of self-esteem for male professionals and clients, and the best predictor of selfacceptance for clients. Femininity did not correlate with self-esteem or self-acceptance in any group.
The literature suggests women scientists are a unique population. The present study investigated differences in self-esteem, self-acceptance, masculinity and femininity among several sample populations of women, including scientists (n = 62), professionals (other than scientists) (n = 89), college students (n = 83), clients (n = 52), and victims of domestic violence (n = 57). The Personal Orientation Inventory (Shostrom, 1974) and Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974) were administered to subjects, together with a demographic data sheet. An ANOVA was used to investigate differences between women scientists and other groups of women, and correlations were used to examine the relationship of masculinity and femininity with self-esteem and self-acceptance. Masculinity was found to correlate with self-esteem for all but the student group and with self-acceptance for all but the student and scientist group. Self-acceptance scores were significantly lower for women scientists than for professional and student groups, and femininity scores were significantly lower for scientists than for all other groups of women.
The literature suggests that whereas women experience unique challenges with self‐esteem, Hispanic professional women experience an additional challenge of balancing majority culture values with a more family‐oriented ethnic identity. This study investigated differences in self‐esteem, self‐acceptance, masculinity, femininity, and locus of control among Hispanic professional women, non‐Hispanic professionals, scientists, college students, clients, and victims of domestic violence. Masculinity scores were significantly higher for Hispanic professional women, and self‐acceptance scores were significantly lower than for other women professionals.
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