This paper provides experimental data on the effective use of a new lubricating composition, which includes industrial oil of any brand with the addition of a nanometal of the component of a friction pair, which has a lower hardness. It is shown that this composition significantly reduces the wear resistance of the rails and wheels of rolling stock during operation, prevents electrochemical corrosion of the friction pair wheel–rail and, most importantly, stabilizes the coefficient of friction at the optimum level after a relatively short operating time. The experiments were performed on the friction pair, “sample of the bandage material of the railway wheel—a sample of the rail material”, with a ratio of hardness of the bandage material (Rockwell hardness, HRC scale—35.3) to the hardness of the rail material of 1.1. Test results show that in the case of industrial lubricant, the BioRail brand, with the addition of a nanomaterial friction pair with lower wear hardness of the rail metal sample, after three hours in operation the wear was practically not observed. Moreover, the average value of the friction coefficient for three hours of operation was maintained at the level 0.25, which is optimal for the friction pair wheel–rail. Similar experiments using only the same lubricant brand showed much worse results.
This article presents the analysis of vertical irregularities and dynamic forces on the switch frogs in operating conditions on the main tracks of Kiev underground railway. For main railways the deterioration problem of tongues, framed rails, switch frogs and as a consequence formation of the character in interaction on the railroad switches is quite widely studied by different scientists, but for conditions of railway underground such researches are practically absent. However, in order to use metal elements of switches rationally and efficiently, the forecast of their service operation and replacement planning, it is necessary to estimate the level of dynamic forces within the most deteriorated elements of switches at different operational stages. This problem is particularly relevant in conditions of financial restriction for track facilities. The studies allowed determining the form, parameters and basic patterns of the irregularities formation in the rolling zone on switch frogs P65 and P50 mark of crossing 1/9 on wooden beams under different operating conditions, which is the basis for determining vertical dynamic forces of interaction within the switch frog subject to setting maximum permissible speeds of movement.
As the rolling stock speed increases, the requirements for stability parameters increase accordingly. One of these parameters is the track gauge. The stability of this parameter depends on many of the structural elements of the upper track structure and on the environmental conditions. In the research work, the authors have considered the influence of such a structural element as an intermediate rail fastening on its ability to provide a stable track gauge. The most common intermediate rail fastenings on the Ukrainian Railways have been accepted to be compared, including the KB-65 type fastening, the KPP-1 type fastening and the KPP-5 type fastening. In order to determine exactly the influence of each structural element, the other gauge parameters for all three types of fastenings have been taken equivalent. The data have been obtained from the track measuring car. With the obtained data, a statistical analysis has been conducted, which enables to draw conclusions about the ability of the intermediate rail fastenings under consideration to ensure the track gauge stability. The conclusions have been made on the applicability of each of the fastenings under consideration.
The monograph is another attempt to identify ways to develop high-speed passenger services on Ukrainian railways. Several typical concepts of the organization of high-speed traffic on the world's railways are analyzed. The main concepts are: the concept of a separate special system of high-speed traffic on the example of Japan and Spain and the concept of joint use of tracks for high-speed and freight traffic on the example of Germany, Italy and Poland. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the concepts are shown. The regularities of degradation processes in the rail track during operation on the lines of high-speed movement of freight rolling stock with normative and excessive deviations of the technical condition are determined. The influence of deviations of geometrical parameters of running gear of freight cars on track condition is investigated. Some requirements for the design of tracks designed for high-speed passenger traf-fic combined with freight are defined.
The authors have previously proposed and tested a method for increasing the wear resistance of heavy-loaded friction pairs by saturating industrial lubricants with the metallic nanopowder of the friction pair’s component that has a lower hardness. To confirm the effectiveness of this concept, this paper presents the results of experimental investigations into the tribological characteristics of two medium carbon steels (rail steel K74 and structural steel 20) during sliding friction. Friction surfaces lubricated with compositions based on the Bio Rail industrial lubricant were saturated with nanopowder additives of copper, carbon, and magnesium alloy, as well as K74 and 20 steels. The research findings indicate that lubricants saturated with nanomaterials of K74 and 20 steels help achieve the highest wear resistance, as compared to lubricants based on pure grease and lubricating compositions based on copper, magnesium alloy and carbon powders. The test results confirmed that the mean friction coefficient of the rail steel remained at the level of 0.25 for three hours of operation, which is optimal for the “wheel–rail” friction pair. The proposed method of manufacturing lubricating compositions can be used to improve the efficiency of lubrication of railway rails and rolling stock wheels.
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