Background Type D personality is a risk indicator in cardiac patients. The validity and reliability of the Type D Scale (DS14) have been confirmed in Western Europe but not outside this context. Purpose We examined the structural, convergent, and divergent validity and the reliability of the DS14 in the Ukrainian setting. Method Healthy Ukrainian respondents (n=250) completed the DS14, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. A subsample (n=57) completed the DS14 again after 4 weeks. Results The prevalence of Type D personality was 22.4%. The two-factor structure and the validity of the DS14 were confirmed. The DS14 subscales were internally consistent (Cronbach's α=0.86/0.71; mean inter-item correlation= 0.48/0.27) and stable over a 4-week period (r=0.85/0.63). Type D individuals had significantly higher mean scores on anxiety (p<0.001), depressive symptoms (p<0.001), and negative affect (p<0.001), and lower scores on positive affect (p<0.001) compared to non-Type D individuals. Conclusion Preliminary evidence suggests that the Ukrainian DS14 is a valid and reliable measure. Future studies are warranted to test the utility of the scale in cardiac patients in the Ukraine, including whether Type D also predicts adverse health outcomes beyond the boundaries of Western Europe.

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The purpose of the article is to substantiate how to solve the problem set by the President of Russia to achieve sovereignty in the development and production of electronics and electronic component base. The Government developed methods for achieving this goal and approved by the Strategy for the Development of the Electronic Industry until 2030. The most powerful and dynamically developing competitor of domestic electronics in China, therefore, it is advisable to consider the development of domestic electronics, having isomorphic processes at individual enterprises and in electronics in China as a scale line. Now a bottleneck in the development of domestic electronics has emerged – this is the lack of proactive and duplicate funding for breakthrough technologies. The article presents an asymmetric version of the response to the total and increasing Western sanctions, the main element of which should be non-monetary investment certificates.