The necessity of creating a general methodology for concrete and reinforced concrete elements strength calculation under the shear is established. Three failure cases of reinforced concrete corbels under the shear are considered. The solutions of problems of corbels strength with failure along the whole section, close to the normal, in the compressed zone under an inclined crack and within the compressed inclined strip are given. A variational method in the plasticity theory, the virtual velocities principle and the characteristic lines method are used for concrete and reinforced concrete elements calculations. In the ultimate state, concrete is considered as a rigid-plastic body. The shear is realized in case when the plastic deformation is localized in the compressed zone. The calculating ultimate load results for different failure cases are given. Such a design scheme is implemented, in which the console strength is minimal. This corresponds to the minimum of power of plastic deformation in concrete compressed zone. Reinforced concrete corbels calculation engineering methods are offered. The elements obtaining effective constructive decisions direction based on the plasticity theory use is determined.
Complex comparative analysis of building energy performance rates in EU countries and Ukraine has been carried out.The relation between building insulation rates and European countries climate condition has been investigated. It is illustratedthat there is a significant gap between building energy efficiency characteristics in Ukraine and in most of the EU countries.Economically justified rates of building envelope heat exchange resistance which can lead Ukraine to common Europeanlevel based on optimized calculations are suggested. The necessity for further increase in building envelope heat exchange resistancerates in order to raise building energy efficiency and put Ukrainian building regulations in harmony with EU countriescorresponding norms is proved.
The study has been conducted by means of physical, mathematical and computer modeling integrated method use. To prove the adequacy of the results obtained the experimental procedure on the existing equipment and laboratory facilities has been applied. The method of carrying out asymmetric stress cycles with mean stress of stretching to symmetric using the proposed piecewise – linear equations for evaluating the material sensitivity to asymmetry of the cycle has also been improved. It has enabled pipe column element durability under the condition of typical asymmetric low-amplitude loading calculation.
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