Purpose. Modern terms of the construction generate the need to find new structures, including roof systems that would meet modern requirements. An important aspect in finding constructive solutions for new structures is the use of reliable and advanced materials. Considering this, the decision to develop the new space structures to a wide implementation in practice of domestic and foreign construction are relevant and perspective direction of building structures development. Methodology. Given the results of previously conducted theoretical research of existing types of space roof structures find promising areas of improvement or creation of new structures that should be devoid of weaknesses and imperfections of analogs and they should have an economic effect through rational use of materials. Findings. Types of steel and concrete composite cable space frames and structural features of its elements are developed and considered. The steel and concrete composite cable space frame is a completely new kind of space structure system that has the original structural concept and it was designed to cover large-span industrial and public buildings. The basic elements of that structure system are modular element of the bottom chord and space steel and concrete composite module that consists of tubular rods and reinforced concrete slab. All modular elements are made in the factory. With bottom chord modular elements and space steel and concrete composite modules can be assembled three types of longitudinal elements. It is the beam element, arched element and hanging element. Also with the modules can be assembled various structure system and their combinations. Number of space steel and concrete composite modules and bottom chord modular elements, which is needed to collect steel and concrete composite cable space frames, is determined by calculation and optimal designing. Recommended dimensions of the modular elements of the steel and concrete composite cable space frames are presented. Originality. The new efficient construction roofs that appointment for covering large-span buildings were developed by the author. Practical value. Developed steel and concrete composite grid-gable roofs are designed for industrial and civil construction. Applications of developed designs for the construction of large-span covering objects provides a significant economic benefit through the efficient use of materials.
Abstract. There is a problem of excessive laboriousness and materials consumption resulting from irrational using of materials in construction. This situation is caused by inconsistencies existing structural concepts to modern requirements of construction industry. It has a direct impact on the overall implementation cost of the project. That is why there is a need for a new structure, which makes it possible to save materials and reduce a construction complexity. Such structure is the new space composite structure. There is summary information about the estimate of technical and economic benefits of a new space composite structure in the paper. Task of paper is arrangement information about estimate of technical and economic benefits of a new space composite structure. Based on the previous research results, there is the optimum ratio for the structure in the paper; also, a relationship between the depth of the module and the span for the new space composite structure were defined. The estimate of both the technical-economic parameters and the advantages of the new space composite structure were described. The estimation results show the effectiveness of the new space composite structure to 10%-37% compared to traditional reinforced concrete structures.
The article presents experimental study results of the deformation state of composite cable space frame structures, including composite steel-concrete structures. Composite cable space frame structures are three-dimensional roof framing of long-span buildings. The designed constructions are a new type of roof framing structures and consist of typical composite steel-concrete modules connected with steel cable elements. The operation of composite cable space frame structures under load is characterised by geometric nonlinearity. The aim of the research is to study the deformation state and changing the geometric shape of experimental structures under the influence of external load. The technique of studying the deformation state of the composite cable space frame structures is based on the principles of digital photogrammetry. At the limit state the composite cable space frame structures change their regular shape. In this case, the central vertical points get the greatest vertical displacements, and the displacement value decreases closer to the supports. It is defined that the investigated construction has demonstrated combined action of all its components during the test, which indicates its effectiveness. The application of the photogrammetry method made possible to determine the moment of reaching the limit state of the composite cable space frame structures concretely.
Abstract. The aim of the study is to identify main trends in the development of space grid structures. In order to reach the purpose it is necessary to conduct a review of the known structural concepts, nodal connections and specifics of the space grid structures and to make conclusions on feasibility improvement of the considered structural concepts that make it possible to develop new solutions without disadvantages residing in the analogues. Analysis of papers written by foreign and national scientists and devoted to theoretical, numerical and experimental studies of stress-strain state, influence of different factors on it and geometrical optimization and designing of space grid structures has been conducted in order to achieve the objectives. Space grid structures and, in particular, flat double-layer grid and most frequent nodes have been studied in the paper. The paper contains a short review of the history on development of space grid structures. It has been found that a rapid development of structural designs was caused by scientific and technical progress and, in particular, improvement of physical and mechanical properties of materials, development of calculation methods, application of software systems for simulating behavior of the structure under load, which significantly increased the calculation accuracy and reduced complexity of design. It has been also established that main parameters that have influence on effectiveness of a structural design are geometric dimensions of its modular elements, ratio of its depth to the span. The world experience on development of connection components has been studied in the paper. The paper presents general classification of nodal connections. Main advantages and disadvantages of existing space grid structures are highlighted and it allows to determine possible methods for their improvement. Theoretical research has permitted to establish that the main direction of spatial grid structures improvement consists in development of new node connection types. Several methods for node improvement have been proposed while taking into account the obtained results.Keywords: rod, node, welding, bolt, module, span, structure, lattice Реферат. Цель работы -выделить основные направления в развитии пространственных стержневых конструкций. Для этого поставлены задачи: провести обзор известных конструктивных решений, узловых соединений и особенно-стей проектирования пространственных стержневых конструкций. Сделать выводы о целесообразности усовершен-ствования рассмотренных конструктивных решений с целью разработки новых, не имеющих недостатков, присущих аналогам. Для решения поставленных задач проведен анализ работ зарубежных и отечественных ученых, посвящен-ных теоретическим, численным и экспериментальным исследованиям напряженно-деформированного состояния и влияния на него различных факторов, а также геометрической оптимизации и проектированию пространственных стержневых конструкций. Проанализированы пространственные стержневые конструкции, в частности структурные плиты и наи...
The task of the study is consider some specifics of design and construction of composite structures in seismic regions on the example of Kazakhstan including geological specifics of Almaty city. The new constructive concept for seismically dangerous areas was proposed. This is the composite steel and concrete structural frame, which was developed in Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University.
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