The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using e-learning in the educational process, systematizes modern distance technologies, ranked and grouped universities in countries by level of e-learning, gave a rating assessment of the readiness of states for distance learning.The author examines the integrated indicators of the latest international indices such as the RemoteLearningReadinessIndex and the E-LearningIndex.In the wake of the Covid-19 epidemic, the closure of higher education institutions in 223 countries resulted in 1.57 billion students (90% of the world's population) being forced to study remotely.Higher education institutions had to quickly and efficiently organize distance or blended learning, modernize its material and technical base. The threat of future pandemics and economic unrest increases the importance of a reliable distance education system to prevent the next global socio-economic crisis, avoid health emergencies and bridge educational gaps at the national and international levels.In order to assess the readiness of countries to implement distance education, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics conducted a survey in 53 countries.The UNESCO report on the results of monitoring global education in 2021 noted that only 3 countries in the world are fully ready to move to distance learning, 19 countries have partially used online methods, and 28 countries have used a hybrid approach – a combination of distance and full-time learning. Middle-income countries from Colombia to Egypt and from China to the Russian Federation have developed online platforms for blended and distance learning. The survey found positive the fact that 39% of students from sub-Saharan Africa enrolled in institutions that offer different options for distance learning. In the EU, on the other hand, 41% of online students lost their jobs (29% temporarily with the right to return to work and 12% permanently without a job). These results prove the effectiveness of distance education only with the development of an effective model of online learning and its support by the state.
Context. The problem of predicting the efficiency of real queuing systems in the event of a possible arrival of requirements groups and leaving of "impatient" requirements from the queue. The aim of the study was to model the operation of such systems to create opportunities to control their operation in real time.Objective. The aim of the research is to obtain an analytical description of the state's final probabilities in a Markov queuing system with an input flow of requirements groups, with individual service of requirements, with a limited number of waiting places and with individual leaving of "impatient" requirements from the queue that is necessary to predict the values of the queuing system performance indicators.Method. The probabilities of queuing systems states with an input flow of requirements groups with a random composition and with leaving of "impatient" requirements from the queue are described by the Kolmogorov differential equations. In a stationary state, these equations are transformed into a linearly dependent homogeneous system of algebraic equations. The structure of the equations depends on the numerical values of the input flow requirements group's parameters and the controlled service system. Therefore, an attempt to predict the efficiency of a system is faced with the need to write down and numerically solve a countable set of algebraic equations systems that is quite difficult. The key idea of the proposed method for finding an analytical description of the final probabilities for the specified queuing system was the desire to localize the influence of requirements groups in the input flow on the operation of the queuing system in multiplicative non-ordinary functions. Such functions allow obtaining the required analytical description and assessing the degree of the final probabilities transformation, in comparison with known systems, as well as assessing the predicted values of the noted queuing system efficiency indicators when choosing the parameters for controlling its operation.Results. For the first time analytical expressions are obtained for the final probabilities of the queuing system states with an input flow of random composition requirements groups, with a limited number of waiting places, with individual service and leaving "impatient" requirements from the queue, which makes it possible to evaluate all known indicators of the system's performance.Conclusions. The resulting description turned out to be a general case for well-known types of Markov queuing systems with non-ordinary and with the simplest input flow of requirements. The results of the numerical experiment testify in favor of the correctness of the obtained analytical expressions for the final probabilities and in favor of the possibility of their practical application in real queuing systems when solving problems of forecasting efficiency, as well as analyzing and synthesizing the parameters of real queuing systems.
Metoduka vuznachennya racionalnogo varianta zastosuvannya mobilnux grup okremogo viddilu prukordonnoyi sluzhbu tupy "S" pid chas uskladnennya obstanovku na dilyankax derzhavnogo kordonu [Methods of determining the rational variant of the use of Type C mobile teams of a separate department of the border service during the aggravation of the situation at the state border sections] Zbirnyk naukovykh prats, Kharkiv : KNAFU, No. 4 (41), pp. 153-156. [in Ukrainian] 6 9 Blazhivsky E. M. (2008) International migration is one of the biggest problems of modern Ukraine. Visn. prokuratu, no. 6. pp. 3-13. [in English] 10 Rashitov L. R. (2016) Criminological characteristics of crimes in the sphere of illegal migration and their prevention.
The article deals with the actual problem of ensuring the activity of the border unit. The author formulated and substantiated the recommendations on the formation of the structure of the system of information and analytical support of the state border protection processes. The main part of the scientific article presents information on the content, nature and importance of the organizational and staff structure of the border unit: it is a set of rules and rules that shape human resources in accordance with the strategy of the border service measures are planned and agreed in advance, and focuses primarily on the powers and management style of its managers); The organizational and staffing structure of the border unit is a system of wishes, rules and restrictions in the relationship between the border service representatives and the service itself. Its main characteristics are defined: the clarity of division of labour into relevant positions (head of the unit, his deputy, etc.); presence of grouped posts (department or department); hierarchy of the system of positions (leading employee, employee, etc.); competences according to positions in the structure; the ordering of the connections between the posts according to the amount of job responsibilities. The content of the main regulatory and legal aspects of the formation of the organizational and staff structure of the border unit, orders for the functioning of the border service and so on is analysed. Prospects of further scientific researches in the context of this issue are presented: mechanisms of formation of organizational-staff structure of the border unit, introduction of foreign experience of functioning of the border agency (police, service) in the developed countries of the world are updated.
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