Introduction Many scientists were engaged in the problems of studying the runoff formation conditions from the water-intake basins area and studying the operation of rainwater drainage systems and its calculations. Among them: Alekseev M. I., Belov М. М., Dykarevskyi V. S., Kurganov А. М., Zhuk V. M., Tkachuk S. G., Salchuk V. L., Tkatchuk O. A., Shevchuk O. V., Dziopak J., James W., Horton R., Huber W., Mays L. W., Rossman L. A., Weitman D. [1–9] and others. The drainage systems calculation is implemented based on empirical or semi-empirical studies for pipes or open water bodies. Unlike the generally accepted conditions for the urban city areas drainage elements calculation, highways have the features of runoff and the formation of maximum runoff. Artificial surfaces of surface runoff are characterized by low water absorption, significant longitudinal and transverse slopes. According to State Building Norms DBN V.2.3–4:2015 «Highways. Part I. Design. Part II. Construction», the largest longitudinal slope for a category I road is 40 %, the carriageway transverse slope on straight sections is 25 %. In the world of engineering practice there is no single generally accepted approach to the construction of hydrographs of rainwater inflow to surface drainage structures. Therefore, the question remains open in terms of establishing the estimated rain duration and the surface runoff volume from the roads surface in particular. Goal and problem To explore and establish the main factors and their parameters for the surface runoff formation from road surfaces. Research methods In engineering practice, forecasting the estimated rain duration is defined as the time from its beginning to the time of collection by the drainage system. This research is based on the prediction method and analysis of the factors, which influence the effluents movement on the coating surface of the linear in the plan water-intake basins. Conducting research with the forecasted natural meteorological phenomenon and at the minimum estimated rain intensity values according to climatic conditions of Ukraine. Results The analysis of known methods for duration of surface runoff formation determining performed. For its determination, it is suggested to take into account the surface wetting duration and the influence of the viscous component of the friction force between the runoff layers. An analytical dependence for the surface runoff formation duration determining for highways with asphalt concrete pavement and variable longitudinal slope in the range from 0‰ to 30‰ is obtained. The influence of wastewater viscoelastic properties is determined. The influence of the calculated precipitation intensity on the surface runoff formation duration for linear water-intake basins is determined. Conclusions A mathematical model for determining the surface runoff formation duration for linear water-intake basin, namely highways, tak...
Introduction. Disposal of recycled materials is targeted at saving the natural resources and reducing the volume of wastes that have to be disposed of in special landfills. Disposal is encouraged by many countries of the European Union. A key element in promoting of wastes recycling is the «polluter pays» principle, which has been included in all Community directives regarding management of safe and hazardous wastes. In order to encourage recycling, many Member States have adopted specific environmental legislation, in particular, the wastes disposal tax.Problem statement. Today, in Ukraine the issue of utilization of industrial wastes has not been solved, that is why a considerable part of them are in the dumps and pose a great risk for the environment; and only a small part of them is utilized in the construction projects [1], although there exists the «State Target Economic Program for the Development of Public Roads of National Significance for 2018–2022» [2] and the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine [3] which regulate the use of local materials, including industrial waste during the construction of motor roads. At the same time, millions of tons of dusty wastes are being produced at the Ukrainian power plants as a result of coal combustion — fly ash and ash from a tailings dam.Purpose. Carrying out of research of ash from a tailings dam and a mixture of limestone material with the ash from the tailings dam on conformity with the requirements to fillers.Materials and methods. The ash from a tailings dam, a mixture of limestone material with the ash from a tailings dam and commercially produced limestone filler have been selected for the study.Results. The results of the research on establishing the possibility of using the dusty waste products from power generating plants for the production of asphalt mixtures are presented. Experimental studies have been performed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the ash from the tailings dam with partial replacement by limestone material. The conformity of the studied materials to the requirements of national standards was determined.Conclusions. Studies for determination of grading, porosity, swelling and structuring ability showed that the tested ash does not meet the requirements of Table No.5 of DSTU B V.2.7-121 for porosity in the case of compaction of 40 MPa; a mixture 80:20 — for swelling of samples of the filler with bitumen; and the mixture 50:50 meets the established requirements by defined indicators. A significant swelling increase of the samples from the mixture of filler with bitumen may be the result of high content of clay impurities in the test materials.Keywords: industrial wastes, limestone material, ash, filler. physical and mechanical properties.
Introduction. Asphalt mixtures are one of the most widely used materials in the construction of roads. For the production of these mixtures, mainly conditioned mineral materials are used — coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler, and bitumen is used as a binder. Problem statement. In Ukraine, the filler is mainly used material obtained by grinding the carbonate rocks, which is established in DSTU B V.2.7-119 and DSTU B V.2.7-121. At the same time, as a result of coal combustion, millions of tons of dusty waste are generated at power generating plants of Ukraine - fly ashes and ashes from the hydraulic mine dump. These materials are close by grading to the requirements for the filler in accordance with DSTU B V.2.7-121 and probably can be used for the production of asphalt mixtures. Purpose. Determination of the possibility of using the fly ashes for the production of asphalt mixtures. Materials and methods. Type B asphalt concrete and mineral fillers of different origins were used during the research. Results. Test results showed that the studied fly ashes can be used for the production of asphalt mixtures, because the complete replacement of limestone filler with fly ashes from the thermal power plants does not lead to the deterioration of asphalt mixtures properties.
Introduction. The implementation of the Weighing in Motion System (WIM) in Ukraine has been started in compliance with the State Targeted Economic Program for the Development of Public Highways of State Importance in 2018-2022 and was aimed at preserving the road surface from damaging and reducing expenses for road maintenance. In order to ensure transparency in the field of state planning for the road construction, reconstruction and repair, Ukravtodor ensures the publication of up-to-date WIM information via interactive map http://bit.ly/wiminbrief and annual statistical reports. The paper describes an analysis of traffic volume coefficients based on WIM data. Problems. The need for improving the method of calculating of road pavement structures (non-rigid and rigid) reliability under existing traffic loads, taking into account the WIM data on traffic volume and traffic condition. Purpose. Clarification of traffic conditions and traffic loads on road pavement. Materials and method. Mathematical modelling using survey data. Results. Up-to-date traffic volume coefficients. Conclusions. The implementation of WIM System and WIM sites network expansion is a progressive way for traffic volume and traffic load monitoring and reducing destructive impact of overloaded vehicles on road pavement. WIM data is suitable for traffic load modelling loads and road pavement designing.
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