The number of studies related to visual perception has been plentiful in recent years. Participants rated the areas of five randomly generated shapes of equal area, using a reference unit area that was displayed together with the shapes. Respondents were 179 university students from Canada and Poland. The average error estimated by respondents using the unit square was 25.75%. The error was substantially decreased to 5.51% when the shapes were compared to one another in pairs. This gain of 20.24% for this two-dimensional experiment was substantially better than the 11.78% gain reported in the previous one-dimensional experiments. This is the first statistically sound two-dimensional experiment demonstrating that pairwise comparisons improve accuracy.
This is a follow up to "Solution of the least squares method problem of pairwise comparisons matrix" by Bozóki published by this journal in 2008. Familiarity with this paper is essential and assumed. For lower inconsistency and decreased accuracy, our proposed solutions run in seconds instead of days. As such, they may be useful for researchers willing to use the least squares method (LSM) instead of the geometric means (GM) method.
Online). Актуальні проблеми правознавства. 1 (33)/2023 180 налення, усунення колізій у чинному законодавстві та виключення можливості зловживати правами, які випливають з цих засад, -не менш важливо, ніж їх дотримання у кримінальному провадженні.Ключові слова: свобода від самовикриття, право не свідчити проти близьких родичів та членів сім 'ї, засада кримінального процесуального права, зловживання правом, кримінальне провадження, підозрюваний, обвинувачений, освідування, кримінальна відповідальність. Dekailo P., Babiy V. Some questions regarding freedom from self-disclosure as one of the principles of the criminal procedure One of the principles of criminal proceedings -freedom from self-incrimination and the right not to testify against close relatives and family members -is analyzed in detail. The main disadvantages of its use directly in practice have been identified. The opinions of numerous scientists, the practice of the ECtHR and the experience of foreign countries regarding the application of the above-mentioned principles of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine were considered. Based on this, a number of proposals for improving the effective use of this principle are highlighted.It is worth noting that the entire criminal process must be carried out in compliance with all 22 principles provided for by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Any procedural actions committed in violation or noncompliance with at least one of them becomes illegal. That is why it is extremely important for all participants in criminal proceedings to understand in detail, and most importantly, the meaning and essence of each of these principles, without exception. Because it depends on the observance of human rights, the establishment of justice and, above all, the decision of people's fate. A detailed explanation of each of the principles, the search for ways to improve, the elimination of conflicts in the current legislation and the exclusion of the possibility of abusing the rights arising from these principles are no less important than their observance in criminal proceedings.
Streptomyces coelicolor genome carries two apparently paralogous genes, SCO4164 and SCO5854, that encode putative thiosulfate sulfurtransferases (rhodaneses). These genes (and their presumed translation products) are highly conserved and widely distributed across actinobacterial genomes. The SCO4164 knockout strain was unable to grow on minimal media with either sulfate or sulfite as the sole sulfur source. The SCO5854 mutant had no growth defects in the presence of various sulfur sources; however, it produced significantly less amounts of actinorhodin. Furthermore, we discuss possible links between basic interconversions of inorganic sulfur species and secondary metabolism in S. coelicolor.
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