High HDL particle concentration is consistently and independently of CAD associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality. Whether the inverse relationship between HDL particle concentration and cardiovascular mortality may be translated into novel therapies is under investigation.
NMR spectroscopy is a modern analytical method which is extremely suitable for the analysis of various body fluids. In addition to small metabolite quantification, the method is capable of differentiated lipoprotein subfraction measurements. The technique can be well standardized and allows extensive automation and good sample throughput compared with lipoprotein fractionation via ultracentrifugation. Because all evaluated parameters are determined simultaneously in one measurement, this method is especially suitable for metabolomics approaches in which even subtle changes in metabolite ratios may be relevant. This review gives an overview of the current methods of NMR spectroscopy, analysis strategies, and practical applications in various studies concerning lipid analysis as well as metabolomics. Over the course of the past years, NMR spectroscopy has heavily evolved from a mere research method into a tool that can be expected to play an important role in routine diagnostic testing in the future.
NMR spectroscopy -a modern analytical tool for serum analytics of lipoproteins and metabolites Zusammenfassung: Die NMR-Spektroskopie ist eine moderne analytische Methode, die sich gut zur Analyse unterschiedlichster Körperflüssigkeiten eignet. Im Serum können neben kleinen Metaboliten auch differenziert Lipoprotein-Fraktionen bestimmt werden. Die Technik ist gut standardisierbar und erlaubt im Vergleich zur Lipoproteinfraktionierung mittels Ultrazentrifugation eine umfassende Automatisierung und guten Probendurchsatz. Da in einer Messung alle auszuwertenden Parameter gleichzeitig gemessen werden, eignet sich die Methode besonders gut für Metabolomics-Ansätze, in denen auch subtile Verschiebungen in den Metabolitenverhältnissen von Bedeutung sein können. Dieser Review gibt eine Übersicht über aktuelle Ansätze der NMR-spektroskopischen Messtechnik, Auswertestrategien und praktischen Anwendungen in verschiedenen Studien, sowohl auf der Seite der Lipidanalyse, also auch hinsichtlich des Metabolitenprofils. Die NMR-Spektroskopie hat sich in den letzten Jahren von einer reinen Forschungsmethode mit großen Schritten weiterentwickelt und dürfte in Zukunft einen Platz in der Routinediagnostik einnehmen.Abstract: NMR spectroscopy is a modern analytical method which is extremely suitable for the analysis of various body fluids. In addition to small metabolite quantification, the method is capable of differentiated lipoprotein subfraction measurements. The technique can be well standardized and allows extensive automation and good sample throughput compared with lipoprotein fractionation via ultracentrifugation. Because all evaluated parameters are determined simultaneously in one measurement, this method is especially suitable for metabolomics approaches in which even subtle changes in metabolite ratios may be relevant. This review gives an overview of the current methods of NMR spectroscopy, analysis strategies, and practical applications in various studies concerning lipid analysis as well as metabolomics. Over the course of the past years, NMR spectroscopy has heavily evolved from a mere research method into a tool that can be expected to play an important role in routine diagnostic testing in the future.
Introduction:
The concentration and size of HDL particles are considered to be related to their atheroprotective properties. This study in patients at increased cardiovascular risk was performed to evaluate the associations of HDL particle characteristics with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Methods and Results:
HDL particle concentrations for all sizes and for size categories (7-8.5 nm, 8.5-10 nm, 10-13 nm, and 13-16 nm) were measured in 2,290 participants of the LURIC study (1,575 males, 715 females) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mean (standard deviation) age was 62.9 (10.4) years, body mass index was 27.6 (4.1) kg/m
2
, HDL cholesterol was 39 (11) mg/dl, and HDL particle concentration for all sizes was 25.1 (6.0) μmol/l. During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 10.0 (6.1-10.6) years, 662 participants died from any cause and 434 from cardiovascular diseases. In multivariable analyses including adjustment for HDL cholesterol tertiles of HDL particle concentrations for all sizes were inversely related to all-cause (3
rd
vs. 1
st
tertile: HR [95%CI] = 0.69 [0.55-0.87], P=0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR [95%CI] = 0.67 [0.50-0.89], P=0.007). These associations were primarily mediated by the inverse relationship between the smallest HDL particles (7-8.5 nm) and endpoints (P≤0.005). The associations of larger HDL particles (8.5-10 nm, 10-13 nm, and 13-16 nm) with endpoints were less pronounced and did not reach statistical significance in multivariable analyses (all P>0.1).
Conclusions:
In participants of the LURIC study high concentrations of HDL particles predict decreased cardiovascular risk. This association is mainly driven by small HDL particles.
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