Dinuclear copper peroxo complexes obtained from mononuclear copper(I) complexes showed extremely high stabilities under ambient conditions in the solid state and could be heated above 100 degrees C without decomposition. The increased stability could be explained with regard to their molecular structures. Furthermore, the four complexes investigated showed a high potential for aliphatic C-H bond oxidations: for example, technical-grade toluene was oxidized to benzaldehyde in yields of up to 20%.
We have studied the formation of several N-acetyl-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) salts (with Cl(-), CH(3)COO(-), and CF(3)COO(-) counterions), which are considered to be the catalytically active species in DMAP-catalyzed acetylation reactions of alcohols. Combined crystal structure analyses, variable temperature matrix IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as computational techniques at the UAHF-PCM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level were utilized to examine the structures and dynamics of salt formation. We found clear evidence for the formation of tight ion pairs that are stabilized by dynamic hydrogen-bonding interactions. In nonpolar solvents, the nucleophilicity of acetate in its N-acetyl-DMAP salt only allows a steady-state concentration smaller 1% at room temperature. Thus, we propose additional hydrogen-bonding interactions with alcohols to be the key stabilization factor in subsequent acetylations.
Scheme 6. Electrophilic tandem cyclization of tetrayne 16 upon bromination to give bisfulvene 17. The X-ray crystal structures of 16 and 17 are depicted.Scheme 7. Vinylic electrophilic substitution at eneyne 18 provides the fulvene derivative 21. The X-ray crystal structure of 21 is also shown.
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