Izvod Rudarstvo i proizvodnja bakra u Boru, tokom proteklih sto godina, imalo je ogroman uticaj na životnu okolinu. Otpadne vode koje se generišu u pogonima RTB Bor zagađuju Borsku i Kriveljsku reku koje predstavljaju otvoreni kolektor za otpadnu vodu. Posle uliva Borske reke u Kriveljsku reku nastaje Bela reka koja se dalje uliva u reku Timok, odnosno reku Dunav. Za period istraživanja od 17. oktobra 2012. god. do 17. januara 2013. sprovedena je analiza rudničkih, drenažnih i komunalnih otpadnih voda. Za potrebe istraživanja i procenu negativnog uticaja otpadnih voda na površinske vode na terenu je sprovedeno merenje protoka, temperature, pH vrednosti, oksido/redukcionog potencijala i koncentracije rastvornog kiseonika u uzorcima vode. Takođe, određen je i sadržaja Cu, Fe 2+ , ukupnog Fe (T-Fe), As, Mn, Si, Ni i Al.
Mining activities in the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas in Eastern Serbia started in 1903 and 1961, respectively. Environmental problems in the Bor mining area began after the opening of the Bor mine. Long‐term pollution of river water in the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas has an environmental impact on East Europe because all of the river water from these mining areas flows into the Danube River. However, the sizes of areas with pollution and the differences between the environmental impacts of the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas are not clear. In order to determine the effects of mining activities on river water in the study area, creation of geochemical maps showing the distributions of sulfate, heavy metals, and arsenic; estimation of threshold values to discriminate anomalous values from background values; and comparison of the environmental impacts of the two mining areas were carried out. High concentrations of SO42−, Fe, As, Cu, and Mn were found in the Bor River, Krivelj River, and Bela River located in the Bor mining area. These rivers are characterized by acidic pH ranging from 2.9 to 6.2. High concentrations of these components were also measured in the Small Pek River and the upper reach of the Pek River. These rivers are located in the Majdanpek mining area and are characterized by weakly alkaline pH (7.3–8.4). The acidic river water in the Bor mining area transports large quantities of heavy metals and arsenic downstream (6,900 t/year of Fe, 42 t/year of As, 910 t/year of Cu, and 187 t/year of Mn). On the other hand, the weakly alkaline river water in the Majdanpek mining area transports smaller quantities of heavy metals and arsenic downstream (160 t/year of Fe, 0.1 t/year of As, 6 t/year of Cu, and 272 t/year of Mn). The environmental impact of the Bor mining area is significantly larger than that of the Majdanpek mining area. In addition, on the basis of the distribution of anomalous values in river water, pollution caused by mining activities reaches the Danube River, which is located more than 100 km from the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas. Concentrations of SO42−, Fe, As, Cu, and Mn in the Bela River in the Bor mining area have been greatly decreased after mixing of acidic polluted water of the Bela River with water of the Timok River containing a high bicarbonate concentration. This fact suggests that river water in the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas has sufficient capacity for neutralization. Considering appropriate countermeasures of environmental reclamation, such as artificial neutralization at some important sources of waste water before discharging the waste water from the mining sites, there is a possibility for environmental reclamation in both mining areas because unpolluted river water in the study area has sufficient capacity for neutralization in a natural system.
Dust from an electric arc furnace is formed as the main by-product of the steel production process from the secondary iron-based raw materials. This dust has significant contents of Zn and Fe, as well as Pb, Cd, Ca, Mg, Cr, Mn, Si, Ni, Cu, F, Cl and other elements and is considered hazardous industrial solid waste since it contains heavy metals. In order to protect the environment and public health from the negative impact of this type of hazardous waste, it is necessary, even mandatory, to carry out its treatment in accordance with the legislation of the country where it is located. Before applying any treatment of the electric arc furnace (EAF) dust, it is necessary to perform its detailed characterization. In this paper, the following characterization of EAF dust originating in the Republic of Serbia was performed: physical-mechanical and chemical characterization, determination of granulometric composition, and mineralogical characterization. Also, the EAF dust impact on the environment and human health was assessed (Leachability and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) tests). The results have shown that the Zn content is in the range 32 to 35 % and that the main mineralogical phases of the dust are zincite, franklinite, magnetite, and magnesioferrite. Granulometric analysis has shown that 80 % of the sample consists of particles less than 26 ?m in size. According to the leaching test results, the EAF dust is characterized as a hazardous waste due to the increased chloride content, while the TCLP test indicated dust toxicity due to the increased contents of Zn, Cd, and Pb.
A natural zeolite from Serbia was employed for the removal of heavy metals from acid mine drainage (AMD) generated in the area of copper mine. The efficiency of the natural zeolite samples was tested on AMD that contained manganese, copper, zinc, nickel and cadmium ions in the concentrations above the maximal allowed, according to existing legislation. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of natural zeolite having a particle size of ¹1 + 0.3 mm, confirmed that the clinoptilolite (Al 1.6 H 30 Ca 2.06 O 47.56 Si 16.4 ) is a dominant mineral of mine tuff. A dynamic method was used for the experiments in order to simulate real conditions in an industrially relevant environment. The effect of the flow rate of AMD, type of columns and zeolite classes on the degree of adsorption of the heavy metals from AMD was investigated. The results of chemical analyses of treated AMD samples at a flow rate of 0.0033 dm 3 s ¹1 which corresponds to the spontaneous outflow from the real accumulation indicate that concentrations of heavy metals are not decreased below that allowed for defined recipient class, except for copper. Also, these results show that the heavy metal ion removal serie for the industrially relevant environment can be given as: Cu > Zn > Cd > Mn > Ni.
Acid mine drainage (AMD) waters are one of the most important ecological risks at the global level because of its high heavy metals content and strong acidity. Treatment of AMD water is a complex and expensive. One of the most widely used treatment process is the neutralization process of AMD. The result of neutralization is the production of sludge which may contain various other (heavy) metals, depending on the chemical characteristics of the mine water treated. In this paper, leachability and toxicity of the sludges obtained during the neutralization process of wastewater from Saraka and Robule acid mine drainage and the sludges after the stabilization process at different temperatures is tested. Sludge produced in the neutralization process of Robule AMD R4 (40)
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