The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Thymus glabrescens Willd. (Lamiaceae) essential oil were examined, as well as the association between it and chloramphenicol. The antibacterial activities of geraniol and thymol, the main constituents of T. glabrescens oil, individually and in combination with chloramphenicol, were also determined. The interactions of the essential oil, geraniol, and thymol with chloramphenicol toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemometric methods. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compound class in the oil, with geraniol (22.33%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains, but the activities were lower than those of the standard antibiotic and thymol. A combination of  T. glabrescens oil and chloramphenicol produced a strong synergistic interaction (FIC indices in the range 0.21–0.87) and a substantial reduction of the MIC value of chloramphenicol, thus minimizing its adverse side effects. The combinations geraniol-chloramphenicol and thymol-chloramphenicol produced synergistic interaction to a greater extent, compared with essential oil-chloramphenicol association, which may indicate that the activity of the thyme oil could be attributed to the presence of significant concentrations of geraniol and thymol.

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Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) represents a major health problem that significantly affects a patient’s quality of life (QoL). This infection presents with a plethora of clinical manifestation, and this is the first study that carries out a cluster analysis of these signs and symptoms (SS). The goals are to evaluate the distribution of species causing RVVC, their in-vitro susceptibility to antifungals, and the patient’s QoL. Additionally, the clinical characteristics are analyzed using cluster analysis. Prospective analysis of data was performed for women diagnosed with RVVC in the period from January 2016 to December 2019 based on the analysis of data from a single-center’s records. The standard mycological methods and antifungal susceptibility testing were done. Clinical characteristics and QoL were examined by appropriate questions. The cluster analysis was used to identify clusters of SS. A total of 320 women were diagnosed. The dominant species was Candida (C.) albicans. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) yeast was found in 24.4%, and the most common was C. glabrata. Interestingly, Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae was detected in 2%. All of the isolated species, except C. parapsilosis and C. kefyr, demonstrated reduced susceptibility to antifungals. We confirmed the emergence of the NAC species and S. cerevisiae with reduced susceptibility to antifungals. Cluster analysis represented by a dendrogram revealed three SS clusters: irritation, uncommon, and discharge, but further studies are needed to examine the relationship between clusters, Candida strains, and outcomes.

Introduction: Insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) is a novel glargine formulation which shows slower and more prolonged absorption following subcutaneous administration in comparison to insulin glargine 100 U/mL. In this prospective, observational, single-arm, multicenter, real-world study conducted in Serbia, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Gla-300 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) previously inadequately controlled with different basal or premix insulin therapy regimes.Methods: A total of 350 patients with T2DM were enrolled by 27 physicians, from date of the first patient in (12 December 2017) to the date of last patient completed/last patient out (30 October 2018), from both medical centers and general hospitals. Patients' observation and data collection were performed at visit 1 (V1), i.e., the inclusion visit (3-6 months after Gla-300 introduction), including collection of retrospective data from the patients' medical charts at the time of Gla-300 introduction, and at visit 2 (V2) (3-6 months after V1). The primary objective was to assess the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level from day of the Gla-

Background: The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) increased worldwide. The objective of the paper was to compare the incidence trend of T1DM in children and adolescents aged 0-19 and in adults under 30 years of age in Serbia from 2006 to 2017. Additional aim was to compare incidence rates of T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adults aged 20-24 and 25-29 years of age. Methods: Trends and annual percentage change (APC) of the incidence rate with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by Joinpoint Regression Analyses. Results: We found a significant increase of incidence in children aged 5-9 with the APC of 5.7% (95%CI: 2.3-9.1), and in children aged 10-14 with the APC of 2.1% (95%CI: 0.6-3.6). A significant decrease of incidence was determined in adolescents aged 15-19 with the APC -4.9% (95%CI: − 8.9 to -0.7) and in adults aged 25-29 with the APC -7.3% (95%CI: − 12.5 to − 1.8). Conclusion: The increase of incidence in children aged 0-14 and its decrease after 15 years of age showed that T1DM is predominantly a metabolic disease of children in Serbia. A significant increase in incidence was recorded in two age groups, namely 5-9 and 10-14 years of age. The highest increase was in children aged 5-9 and the highest incidence rate was in children aged 10-14. An insignificant increasing of T2DM incidence was observed in young adults aged 25-29. The increase in incidence rates in children, but not in young adults, suggests that the precipitating factors of children-onset disease may differ from those of adult-onset T1DM.