Abstract. The essence of cryptocurrencies is considered and the definition of their legal status is offered. The experience of some jurisdictions regarding the opportunities and threats of using and regulating cryptocurrencies has been studied. The authors analyzed the cryptocurrency market. The factors that led to the widespread use of cryptocurrency, which include financial instability, significant currency fluctuations, limiting capital flows and inflation of the currency in the country. The problem of information protection using blockchain technology, which is solved by a combination of block design and cryptographic protection, is considered. The capitalization of TOP cryptocurrencies for the last three years is analyzed, among which the leading ones are Bitcoin (VTS), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT) and others. Identified issues that need to be addressed in the field of finance and legal regulation. In the process of analyzing the experience of regulating cryptocurrency, we have found similar and distinctive features in some jurisdictions. First, each country, in view of the great potential of the blockchain technology, is trying in one way or another to create a favorable climate for its development. Secondly, the use of cryptocurrency goods is rapidly developing, and their impact on economic processes, both at the international and national levels is increasing, while states are faced with the problem of adapting their tax legislation to the current challenges of the digital economy, since the definition of the status of cryptocurrency does not directly lead to lack of funds to the state budget from operations with these assets. Thirdly, today there are more than 2,000 cryptocurrencies is traded through various trading platforms — stock exchanges and can be used to launder proceeds from crime. Thus, it is necessary to develop common standards for the regulation of cryptocurrency and the requirements for such crypto exchange counterparts, through the licensing of operations with cryptocurrencies. At the same time, the important question is what government bodies should exercise such control. Keywords: technology blockchain, cryptocurrency, virtual currency, legal regulation of cryptocurrencies, state functions, cryptocurrencies taxation. JEL classіfіcatіon F01, F20, K33, K34 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 23.
Introduction. Financial globalization has facilitated the process of banking concentration and has transformed transnational banks into universal, powerful banking complexes. Within them, the boundaries between commercial banks, investment banks, insurance and other financial institutions are gradually becoming blurred. Developed countries have traditionally been at the forefront of domestic financial, banking systems that move money from one sphere to another. The developed culture of capital accumulation has allowed powerful banks from developed countries to form a significant passive base for long-term and capital-intensive processes, ensuring the activities of leading TNCs. The purpose of the study is to identify changes in modern banking in the context of financial globalization. Method. In the process of writing the article used general scientific and special methods: generalization, analysis and synthesis, system approach. Results. The article provides a comprehensive description of trends in international banking activity. The activity of the world’s largest banks has been analyzed. Attention is paid to the main factors that influence the volume and direction of bank flows. It has been shown that in the current stage of economic development, banks are moving to new business strategies to maintain competitive positions. The article reveals the main forces that determine the transition to new banking business strategies. The impact of digital opportunities and networks on banking activity has been identified.
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