The Sarmatians used swords, bows and arrows, spears, darts in combats. A rider dropped from a horse, or a simple warrior, could protect themselves from the enemy by a fighting knife, ax, mace or a battle-flail. These weapons are discovered in the burials of Sarmatian soldiers. The paper describes the similar finds from the Volga-Don region. The Sarmatians could use everyday items as weapons in the combats. The combat knife (more than 15 cm in lenght) was tied with a leather cord to the right arm of the warrior. This item was found in the burial mound Verbovsky I, mound 5, burial 1. The findings also include a dagger (22 cm), two combat knives (more than 35 cm in length), a small wooden shield covered with leather, an ax on a long wooden handle, a heavy tip of "scrap" (the burial mound Pervomaisky VII, mound 40, burial 5), a wedge-shaped ax (the burial mound Verbovsky I, mound 5, burial 1), an iron ax (the burial mound Pervomaisky VII, mound 9, burial 3), an iron hook with a bushing (the burial mound Ilyevka, mound 12, burial 1). The military burials of the Sarmatians in the Volga-Don interfluve contained separate items of weapons that could be used in close combats: a stone mace-battle-flail with a hole in the center of the ball, a long iron rod-battle-flail with a ring on a narrow side. The leather belt was threaded through a hole or a ring, held in the hand for swinging and striking with a heavy object. The findings of melee weapons in the burials of the Sarmatians confirm the views of researchers that the the Sarmatian warriors were represented by both riders who used specific ranged weapons, and foot soldiers-the prototype of a future well-armed infantry.
Âî âðåìÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ äèôôåðåíöèàëüíîé äèàãíîñòèêè èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ ìåòîä êîìïüþòåðíîé òîìîãðàôèè. Èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîâåäåíî íà 128-ñðåçîâîì êîìïüþòåðíîì òîìîãðàôå «Somatom Definition» (Siemens) ñ äâóìÿ ðåíòãåíîâñêèìè òðóáêàìè. Ðåçóëüòàòû.  ðåçóëüòàòå èçó÷åíèÿ ïåðôîðàöèé, óäàëîñü óñòàíîâèòü, ÷òî äåôåêòû ÿâëÿþòñÿ òðåïàíàöèîííûìè îòâåðñòèÿìè, ñîâåðøåííûìè ñïîñîáîì ñâåðëåíèÿ. Îòñóòñòâèå ñëåäîâ çàaeèâëåíèÿ óêàçûâàåò íà ïðåäñìåðòíûé èëè ïîñìåðòíûé õàðàêòåð îïåðàöèé. Àíàëèç íàó÷íûõ ðàáîò, ïîñâÿùåííûõ èçó÷åíèþ ïðîáëåì è ïðè÷èí ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ïîñìåðòíûõ òðåïàíàöèé ó äðåâíèõ íàðîäîâ Åâðàçèè, ïîçâîëèë óñòàíîâèòü, ÷òî ïî õàðàêòåðó îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ òðåïàíàöèÿ ÷åðåïà èç ìîãèëüíèêà Âåðáîâñêèé I, íàõîäèò àíàëîãèè â ñðåäíå è ïîçäíåñàðìàòñêèõ ïîãðåáåíèÿõ Íèaeíåãî Ïîâîëaeüÿ, à òàêaeå â ïàìÿòíèêàõ Çàïàäíîãî è Öåíòðàëüíîãî Êàçàõñòàíà V-III ââ. äî í.ý. Îáñóaeäåíèå. Èñòîêè ïðîèñõîaeäåíèÿ îáû÷àÿ ïîñìåðòíîé òðåïàíàöèè ñëåäóåò èñêàòü ó äðåâíèõ íàðîäîâ Öåíòðàëüíîé è Ñðåäíåé Àçèè, ïðîaeèâàâøèõ íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè, íà÷èíàÿ ñ VIII è ïî I ââ. äî í.ý.. Îïåðàöèè íà ÷åðåïå aeåíùèíû èç ìîãèëüíèêà Âåðáîâñêèé èìåþò ðèòóàëüíî-ñèìâîëè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå. Îäíàêî â ðàìêàõ êàêîãî ðèòóàëà èëè òðàäèöèè áûëè îñóùåñòâëåíû äàííûå èñêóññòâåííûå ìàíèïóëÿöèè ñ ÷åðåïîì ÷åëîâåêà, óñòàíîâèòü äîñòàòî÷íî ñëîaeíî. Ýòî ìîaeåò áûòü è ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíàÿ ïðîöåäóðà ïðè ìóìèôèêàöèè òðóïà èëè åãî áàëüçàìèðîâàíèè èëè ïîäãîòîâêà òðóïà ê ïîãðåáåíèþ èëè äëèòåëüíîìó õðàíåíèþ; ðèòóàëüíîå ðàçãðàáëåíèå è âðåäèòåëüñòâî ñ öåëüþ «çàïèðàíèÿ» íåóãîäíîãî ïîêîéíèêà è ò.ä.
Six burial mounds were excavated near the village of Ust-Pogozhye in the Ilovlinsky District of the Volgograd Region on the Berdiya River (the tributary of the Ilovlya River). There were burials of Yamna culture, Сatacomb culture and Srubna culture which belonged to the Bronze Age, the burial of the Sarmatian culture belonged to the 4 th-3 th centuries BC. There were also burials of Late Sarmatian culture. A collection of ceramics of Srubna culture is built, among which there are vessels with "magic signs". The Sarmatian burials contained the ceramics of local and imported production, bronze and iron arrowheads, bronze pendants, beads, anthropomorphic figures made from chalk, gypsum druse, etc.
Abstract. Three barrows were excavated in 10 km to the East from the Antonov village in the Oktyabrsky district of the Volgograd region. There was a burial of the early period carcass culture in the big mound. There were some bones of a sacrificial animal and buried pottery near the skeleton. Burials under mounds of small barrows belong to the late Sarmatian period. Local and imported ceramics, fragments of the waist belt buckles, chip of the bone plate were found here. These hills belong to the 2 th -3 th centuries. Аннотация. Три кургана раскопаны в 10 км на восток от поселка Антонов Октябрьского района Волгог-радской области. В большом кургане находилось погребение раннего периода срубной культуры. Около скелета погребенного обнаружена керамика и кости жертвенного животного. Погребения под насыпями небольших курганов принадлежат поздним сарматам. Их сопровождали местная и импортная керамика, фрагменты портупейных пряжек, обломок костяной накладки. Относятся ко II-III векам.Ключевые слова: эпоха бронзы, покровская культура, срубная культура, Ригведа, ранний железный век, позднесарматская культура, погребение, керамика.
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