AbstractFirst triplets of mRNA coding region affect the yield of translation. We have applied the flowseq method to analyze >30 000 variants of the codons 2–11 of the fluorescent protein reporter to identify factors affecting the protein synthesis. While the negative influence of mRNA secondary structure on translation has been confirmed, a positive role of rare codons at the beginning of a coding sequence for gene expression has not been observed. The identity of triplets proximal to the start codon contributes more to the protein yield then more distant ones. Additional in-frame start codons enhance translation, while Shine–Dalgarno-like motifs downstream the initiation codon are inhibitory. The metabolic cost of amino acids affects the yield of protein in the poor medium. The most efficient translation was observed for variants with features resembling those of native Escherichia coli genes.
The following paper presents the results obtained during the analyses of the street structure of Tokyo, focusing on six districts: Shinjuku, Shibuya, Ikebukuro, Ueno, Nakano and Aoto. The length-area relation in the chosen zones shows the presence of the analogue of a fractal dimension. The fractal dimension appears in these high-density street zones branching within a limited territory.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.