Approximately half of the IBD patients relapsed within 2 years after anti-TNF discontinuation. In CD patients, no difference between those who were or were not in deep remission was found. Colonic localization protected patients from relapse.

K-a emission is an intense short-pulse line source well suited for X-ray diagnostic techniques with subpicosecond and micrometer resolution. Numerical simulations are performed here in a search for laser-target interaction regimes where both high efficiency of laser energy transformation to X-ray emission and ultrashort X-ray pulses are achieved. We use the one-dimensional PIC code for the description of the laser interaction with the plasma layer at the target surface. Fast electron transport into the target is treated by our newly developed Monte Carlo code with temporal resolution that is described here in detail. Our simulations reveal extremely short ;200 fs FWHM bright K-a X-ray pulses emitted from targets heated by 120-fs pulses of a table-top laser. Laser energy conversion efficiency to K-a line emission as high as 6 ϫ10 Ϫ5 is noticed. Integration of the emitted energy over the focal spot is carried out to improve the simulation accord with published experimental data. Negligible impact of self-induced electric fields on K-a emission is found for conducting target materials at moderate laser intensities Շ10 17 W0cm 2 .

Product quality is a crucial issue for manufacturing companies, so it is essential to take note of any emerging product defects. In contrast to the use of traditional methods, the "modern" constantly evolving data mining methods are now being more frequently used. The main objective of this paper is to detect the potential cause or the area of the production process where the majority of product defects arise. The dataset from the semiconductor manufacturing process has been used for this purpose. First, it was necessary to address dataset quality. Significant multicollinearity was found in the data and to detect and delete the collinear variables, correlations and variance inflation factors have been used. The MICE-CART method has been used for the imputation because the original dataset contained more than 5% of random missing values. In further analysis, the K-means clustering method has been used to separate the failed products from the flawless ones. Following this, the hierarchical clustering method has been used for the failed product to create groups of product defects with similar properties. For the optimal number of clusters, the determination of the BIC method has been used. Five clusters of products have been made although only three can be classed as important for further analysis. These groups of products should be directly subjected to the analysis in the production process, which can assist in identifying the source of scarcity.

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The study aimed to compare differences of physiological acid-base balance (ABB) parameters in follicular fluid (FF) and venous blood (VB) and to evaluate ABB parameters in FF collected from different ovarian follicles in dairy cows and heifers. The ABB parameters (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3– and base excess (BE)) in the FF of the preovulatory follicle, of the dominant follicle on the 9th day of the cycle and of the superovulatory estrous follicles were compared to VB. Similarly, the dynamics of the ABB profile in FF and VB were monitored in repeated sampling in a group of heifers stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Higher values of pH and pO2 and lower values of pCO2, HCO3– and BE were found in FF compared to VB in all experiments. Laterality of ovaries, time of sampling, ovarian activity or stimulation of the follicular development by FSH did not significantly influence ABB parameters. We found higher pH (7.392 ± 0.027 vs. 7.364 ± 0.032) and pO2 (13.83 ± 2.20 kPa vs. 4.50 ± 0.67 kPa), lower pCO2 (5.70 ± 0.39 kPa vs. 6.54 ± 0.61 kPa), HCO3– (25.51 ± 1.52 mmol/l vs. 26.86 ± 2.12 mmol/l) and BE (1.14 ± 1.57 mmol/l vs. 1.95 ± 2.2 mmol/l) in FF compared to VB in all non-stimulated cows. Similar relationships between FF and VB were found in all FSH stimulated cows. The study provides as yet unknown knowledge on the physiology of follicular fluid in cattle.

Vlcek M., Andrlikova M., Barbato O., Bina V., Boland M.P., Dolezel R., Lopatarova M., Cech S. (2017): Supplementation of dairy cows with docosahexaenoic acid did not affect ovarian activity. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62, 457-465.The effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on ovarian activity of dairy cows was determined. Experimental cows (n = 25) were fed a total mixed ration supplemented daily with 100 g/cow of an algae product All-G-Rich (Alltech, Ireland) containing 10% DHA divided into 2 doses for 52 days. Determination of DHA from milk samples taken from all cows was performed before the All-G-Rich supplementation (on Day 0, D0), and on D21 and D42 of algae supplementation. Cows were synchronized to be in oestrus on D21 and D42 of the experimental period. Monitoring of ovarian activity was performed by transrectal ultrasonography. Examinations were performed at 2-3-day intervals from D0 until D52 of the experimental period. Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol, insulin, NEFA, and cholesterol were determined. Control cows (n = 25) were examined in the same way as the experimental cows. Milk DHA concentrations on D21 and D42 were significantly higher in treated cows (D21 1.38 vs 0.28, P < 0.0001; D42 1.34 vs 0.20, P < 0.0001). There were neither important effects of DHA on ovarian structures, nor on evaluated variables in plasma. Cows in the experimental group tended to have larger corpora lutea and higher cholesterol concentrations, but differences were not significant.

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