The article covers analysis of the technical measures, aimed at meeting the requirements on motor vehicles harmful substances emissions. Assessment estimates of expenses for fulfilling of harmful emissions standards from Euro 4 to Euro 6for light commercial vehicle engine with swept volume 2.0 liter with an aftertreatment system. The articles covers diesel, gasoline and natural gas engines.
Abstract. This work is devoted to the experimental investigation of the possibilities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to increase energy efficiency of engines that use natural gas as the main fuel and the analysis of economic efficiency of use of dual fuel engines in vehicles compared to conventional diesel. The results of experimental investigation of a 190 kW dualfuel engine are presented; it is shown that quantitative and qualitative working process control may ensure thermal efficiency at the same level as that of the diesel engine and in certain conditions 5...8% higher. The prospects for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have been assessed. The technical and economic evaluation of use of dual fuel engines in heavy-duty vehicles has been performed, taking into account the total life cycle. It is shown that it is possible to reduce life cycle costs by two times.
The paper related to developing of a new gas engines with high energy efficiency and meeting future emission standards. It is necessary to develop complex exhaust gas aftertreatment systems to treat the toxic components efficiently when the engine runs on stoichiometric and lean mixtures. It is proposed to use new combination of three-way catalyst for working on stoichiometric mixtures and a selective catalytic reduction system for NO x aftertreatment on lean mixtures. Experimental studies have shown that efficient (over 90%) conversion of gas engine exhaust components takes place in the range of air excess ratio from 0.99 to 1.01. Theoretical studies have shown that the highest efficiency of nitrogen oxides reduction is achieved in the temperature range of 400...500°C and reaches over 97%.
Technology and equipment are developed for the production of biodiesel fuel from agricultural raw material based on using heterogeneous catalysts for re-eterification and hydrorefining. The physicochemical and chemotopological properties of specimens of biodiesel fuels with a different content of fatty acid methyl esters are evaluated. The results obtained make it possible to conclude that biodiesel fuels with a fatty acid methyl ester content up to 20% (wt.) satisfy the standards according to the GOST, but with a content of more than 20% (wt.) they do not correspond to the GOST and may not be used in contemporary diesel engines not adapted for biofuel.Currently in the leading countries of the world considerable attention is being devoted to the use of biofuels in internal combustion engines, produced from plant raw material. Bioethanol, biomethanol, biogas, and biohydrogen may be used as biofuels for spark ignition engines; biodimethyl ester, biodiesel fuel, and plant oils may be used for diesel engines.In 2003, the European Commission adopted Directive 2003/30/EC, in which the task was formulated of increasing the proportion of biofuel within the overall fuel balance for transport from 2% in 2005 to 5.75% in 2010. It is planned towards 2030 to replace 25% of traditional fuels with biofuels. The main biofuel within the EC adopted for spark ignition engines is bioethanol, and biodiesel fuel for diesel engines.Work has been started in the Russian Federation for attracting agriculture into the production of biofuels and their use for auto transport and agricultural technology. For these purposes there is most interest in biodiesel fuel prepared by eterification of plant oils (rape, soya, sunflower, etc.) with alcohols (methyl or ethyl) and having physicochemical properties similar to those of traditional diesel fuel. This will make it possible to use biofuel in diesels adapted for it, and for distribution and filling to use the existing diesel fuel distribution system. However, biodiesel fuel is not produced in the Russian Federation and there is no experience of its use in diesel engines.Currently in MGUIE there is development of technology and equipment for producing biodiesel fuel from agricultural raw material based on using heterogeneous catalysts of re-eterification and hydrorefining. In order to determine the possibility of using biodiesel fuel in contemporary unadapted diesels in one of the research stages MGUIE and NAMI are evaluating the physicochemical and chemotopological properties of biodiesel fuel specimens with a different content of fatty acid methyl esters.Mixed biodiesel fuels have been prepared containing fatty acid methyl esters (according to EN 14214 "Automotive fuels -fatty acid methyl esters for diesel engines -requirements and test methods") in a ratio 5:95 (B5) and 20:80 (B20) mixed with diesel fuel (according to GOST R 52368-2005 "EURO diesel fuel. Technical specifications") and there is research of their physicochemical and chemotopological properties compared with diesel fuel.Biodiesel ...
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