The spruce Picea abies (L.) (Pinaceae) roots are logging residues and are not used nowadays. However, spruce roots are a source of valuable biologically active substances that have potential for medical use. The purpose is to research the composition of phenol compounds and antioxidative activity of spruce roots water extract. The raw materials for the research were the spruce roots collected on a cutting area on the day of sawing a tree. Water extract was obtained from the roots, and then polysaccharides were removed from it. Composition of the extract phenol compounds was determined using a high performance liquid chromatography on the chromatograph Agilent 1100. Compounds identification was based on retention times. Extract’s antioxidative activity was determined by the reaction with the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the EC50 value computed. Ascorbic acid and trolox (a water-soluble form of vitamin E) were used as standard substances. As a result, it was found that flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, phenolcarboxylic acids are present in the spruce roots water extract. Ferulic acid has the highest amount amongst hydroxycinnamic acids in the spruce roots water extract, hyperoside – amongst flavonoids. It was found that the spruce roots water extract, without polysaccharides, has a pronounced antioxidative activity similar in strength to ascorbic acid, which allows us to talk about the prospects for further researches and the medicinal drugs manufacturing.
Purpose: Martagon lily (Lilium martagon L.) is used in Eastern traditional medicine for wound healing and treatment of toothache. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the chemical, botanical, ethnological, pharmacological, and pharmacognostic aspects of L. martagon, with a view to facilitating further in-depth pharmaceutical studies on the potentials of the plant as a herbal remedy. Methods: Diverse electronic search engines and specialized reference tools such as Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, scientific literature, publishing sites and electronic databases (Pubmed, Springer, Wiley and Science Direct) were used for data retrieval. The data focused on botany, traditional uses, biological activities and phytochemistry of L. martagon, with emphasis on integration of this plant in official medicare. Results: Lilium martagon possesses anti-inflammatory, sedative, anticancer, analgesic and hemostatic properties. Some modern techniques (in vitro propagation, genetic manipulation and advanced molecular biology techniques) have been applied in L. martagon biotechnology, with respect to major plant diseases and genetic variation issues. Conclusion: Lilium martagon L contains different groups of biologically-active substances, amongst which are pyrroline derivatives and steroidal saponins. These may justify the usage of this plant and its subspecies in the traditional treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases.
Пищевые предприятия производят коричневый рис и продукты его переработки, отличающиеся по химическому составу от продуктов, произведенных из белого риса. В связи с этим в сравнительном аспекте исследованы способы выделения белковых концентратов из муки, произведенной из белого и коричневого риса. Способы включают предварительную обработку рисовой муки энзимными препаратами, содержащими бактериальную амилазу и грибную ксиланазу, и последующее экстрагирование белков разбавленной соляной кислотой. Изучено влияние технологических факторов (гидромодуль, время экстрагирования, температура, pH, концентрация кислоты и энзимных препаратов) на выход белков и восстанавливающих сахаров. Определены условия осаждения белков в изоэлектрической точке с цитратом кальция и без него. Выход белков в экстракте при оптимальных режимах составил 90 – 94 % для белого и 64 – 67 % для коричневого риса. Степень осаждения белков для обоих видов риса достигала 95 – 96 %, а их выход с готовыми белковыми и белково-кальциевыми концентратами — 7,8 – 8,1 % от общего количества муки для белого и 8,6 – 9,0 % для коричневого риса. Массовая доля белка в концентратах из белого риса составляла 83 – 85 %, из коричневого риса — 78 – 80 %. В белковых и белково-кальциевых концентратах из коричневого риса содержалось больше кальция, железа и цинка, тогда как из белого риса — больше калия, магния, кобальта, молибдена, хрома, кадмия. Белки концентрата из коричневого риса содержали меньше лейцина, лизина, фенилаланина, тирозина, чем концентрат из белого риса, но немного больше серусодержащих аминокислот.
The drying process in the production of grain fiber of alcohol production is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of the finished product. The paper considers the influence of drying methods and types of drying units on the quality characteristics of the products obtained. Experimental data were obtained on the change in the content of crude protein, Barnstein protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and vitamins in the process of drying grain fiber in devices of various types. The studies have shown that pneumatic vortex dryers of the spiral type meet the requirements of drying grain fiber with maximum preservation of its quality. The drop in protein content in this type of dryer is up to 3.5% on dry matter, dietary fiber up to 0.5% on dry matter, fats up to 4% on dry matter. With this method of drying, there is no carbon formation, which avoids the formation of melanoidins and preserves the marketable appearance and smell of the finished product.
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