Abstract-Geoarchaeological m ethods were used to study chronosequences of surface soils in the steppe zone and to trace soil evolution during the Late Holocene in northwestern Crimea. It was found that the m orpholog ical and functional "m aturity" of the humus horizons in steppe chernozems of the Late Holocene was reached in about 1600-1800 yrs. After this, their development decelerated irreversibly. The maximum concentration of trace elements accumulated in these horizons in the course of pedogenesis was reached in 1400 yrs. A new m ethod of pedogenetic chronology based on the model chronofunction of the development o f irreversible results of pedogenesis over time is suggested. Original pedochronological data and growth functions-the most suitable m odels for simulating pedogenesis over the past three thousand years-suggest that the development of m orphological features of soil as an organomineral natural body follows growth patterns established for biolog ical systems.
This study investigates the effects of agricultural exploitation of soils of the north-western Crimea, the active and large-scale cultivation of which began with the Greek colonization of the area. In order to compare soils using a wide spectrum of physical and chemical properties, the studied objects (virgin land, post-antique idle land, continually plowed land, modern-day plowed land, idle land of the modern era) have been grouped into a chronosequence. This makes it possible to apply the method of factor sequences of agrogenic transformations in soils, which takes into account different periods of human activities. The other factors involved in soil formation are considered to be relatively invariable. From the mass of physiochemical properties of these soils that have endured long-term agricultural stress, the most informative indicators of agrogenesis have been identified. The authors propose a procedure for calculating an integral agrophysical soil indicator based on five parameters that can be used to determine the soil structure and cloddiness as well as water-stability, the amount of waterstable aggregates and their mean mass-weighted diameter. Based on the estimates of their agrophysical state, the following sequence has been determined for the soils studied: Post-antique idle land b virgin land b idle land of the modern era b continuously plowed land b modern-day plowed land. It has been established that the previous practices of land use favorably affect the agrophysical properties of soils. The loss of organic carbon in continually plowed land is 51%, while in modern-day plowed and idle lands it amounts to 39% and 27-32% respectively. The reproduction of soil organic matter (SOM) and its quality, particularly of its labile content, which is responsible for the agrophysical properties of a plow horizon, is central to soil fertility management for sustainable agriculture. One observed effect of long-term agrogenic stresses in plowed horizons of Chernozems is a decrease in microelements such as Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, as well as phosphorus and potassium. It is estimated that the micronutrient content of plowed land is 5-6% lower than that of virgin soils. Even after 2280 years of renaturation, soils of post-antique idle lands preserve in their pedomemory the signs of agrogenesis. In terms of soil quality, the overall agrogenic transformation of soils cultivated during the recent period (the last 150-165 years) is 15% lower than that of the continually plowed lands. The fallowing regime provides conditions that allow soils to regenerate within a few decades. The use of renaturation effects that mimic the fallowing regime opens up new possibilities for resource-saving sustainable agriculture. This study, therefore, shows the informative potential of soils that have continuously, or with restorative periods, been subjected to long-term agrogenic impacts under different practices of land use. It also considers how this information may be actively employed to comprehend the long-term transformations of the ...
The paper examines the regularities of the post-agrogenic evolution of soils of differing age in the Herakleian Peninsula (southwestern Crimea, Ukraine), which developed under conditions of the sub-Mediterranean climate and have been cultivated since ancient times. Whether developed under steppe or sub-Mediterranean forest vegetation, the Crimean cinnamonic soils display different physico-chemical and geochemical characteristics after 1600 years under no cultivation. It is demonstrated that among 40 examined physico-chemical and geochemical soil characteristics, only ten are sufficiently informative to diagnose the post-agrogenic regime of a soil system. In the geographic and pedogenetic grouping of post-antique long-fallow soils, labile phosphorus content and the hue of soil colour prove to be of primary importance.
Cet article dresse un bilan original des recherches archéologiques menées de longue date sur l'établissement de Panskoe I, l'un des monuments les plus importants et les mieux étudiés de l'époque classique tardive et du début de l'époque hellénistique dans la chôra lointaine de Chersonèse Taurique, au nord-ouest de la Crimée. Témoignant d'intéressants métissages d'éléments à la fois grecs et locaux, la culture matérielle riche et singulière de l'établissement apporte une lumière sur les aspects principaux de l'activité culturelle et domestique de ses habitants. Attendu l'histoire très courte du monument, les trouvailles archéologiques offrent, au fond, un instantané de la vie quotidienne de la paysannerie locale.
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