Aim Peri-implant gingival healing following one-stage implant placement was investigated and compared to periodontal healing. Methods Healing at surgical sites (implant (I) and adjacent teeth (T+)) was compared to non-operated tooth (T-) in non-smokers receiving one-stage implant. Periodontal Indices (PI, GI) were recorded at surgery and up to 12 weeks postoperatively. Peri-implant (PICF) and gingival crevicular (GCF) fluids were analyzed for cytokines, collagenases and inhibitors. Data was analyzed by linear mixed model regression analysis and repeated measures ANOVA. Results 40 patients (22 female; 21-74 yrs old) completed the study. Surgical site GI, increased at week 1, decreased significantly during early healing (weeks 1-3; p=0.0003) and continually decreased during late healing (weeks 6-12) for I (p<0.01). PICF volume decreased 3-fold by week 12 (p=0.0003). IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1β, and TIMP-1 levels significantly increased at surgical sites at week one, significantly decreasing thereafter (P<0.016). Week one IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β levels were ~3-fold higher, and TIMP-1 levels 63% higher, at I compared to T+ (p=0.001). Conclusion Peri-implant gingival healing, as determined by crevicular fluid molecular composition, differs from periodontal healing. The observed differences suggest that peri-implant tissues, compared to periodontal tissues, represent a higher pro-inflammatory state.
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