Surface modifications of metallic biomaterials can in great merit, improve the properties of the hard-tissue implants and in that way contribute to the success of the surgical implantation process. Coating deposition stands out as one of the many surface-modifying techniques that can be used to improve implant surface properties and, in turn, induce successful osseointegration. Deposition of the TiO2 layer on the surface of the metallic implants has a great potential to enhance not only their osseointegration ability but also their biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. In the present study, the possibility of successful deposition of the TiO2 layer on the surface of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), as the most commonly used metallic implant material, by spraying the colloidal nanoparticles aqueous solution in the electric discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure was investigated. To characterize the colloidal TiO2 nanoparticle solution, used for the coating deposition process, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical profilometry were used to investigate the deposited surface layer morphology and quality. Estimation of the deposited film quality and texture was used to confirm that the arc plasma deposition technique can be successfully used as an advanced and easy-to-apply method for coating the metallic implant material surface with the bioactive TiO2 layer which favors the osseointegration process through the improvement of the implant surface properties. The TiO2 coating was successfully deposited using the arc plasma deposition technique and covered the entire surface of the CP-Ti substrate without any signs of coating cracking or detachment.
In the present study, andesite basalt originated from the deposit site ?Donje Jarinje?, Serbia, was examined as a potential raw material for high-density ceramics production. The production of high-density ceramics included dry milling, homogenization, cold isostatic pressing and sintering in the air. To determine the optimal processing parameters the sintering was conducted at 1040, 1050, 1060, 1070 and 1080?C, and afterwards the sintering duration was varied from 30 to 240min at the optimal sintering temperature of 1060?C. Characterization of the starting and sintered materials included the estimation of particle size distribution, density, hardness and fracture toughness complemented with X-ray diffraction, optical light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Phase transformations did not occur during processing in the investigated temperature range from 1040 to 1080?C. The obtained research results showed that 99.5% of relative density and the highest hardness and fracture toughness values of 6.7GPa and 2.2MPa?m1/2, respectively, were achieved for the andesite basalt sintered at 1060?C for 60min in the air. The results of the present study confirmed that the sintered andesite basalt can be used as a high-density ceramic material for various industrial applications.
This paper presents the technological process for obtaining basalt-stainless steel composite materials and testing their physical and mechanical properties. The phases of the technological process consist of: milling, homogenization, pressing, and sintering to obtain composite materials with improved fracture toughness. Andesite basalt from the deposit site "Donje Jarinje", Serbia, was used as a matrix in the composites, while commercial austenitic stainless steel 316L in the amount of 0-30 wt.% was used as a reinforcement. Although the increase of 316L amount caused a continuous decrease in the relative density of sintered samples, the relative density of sample containing 30 wt.% of 316L was above 94%. The 316L grains, which possess a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than the basalt matrix, shrinking faster during cooling from sintering temperature resulting in the formation of compressive residual stress in the basalt matrix surrounding the spherical steel grains. The presence of this stress activated toughening mechanisms such as crack deflection and toughening due to compressive residual stress. The addition of 20 wt.% of reinforcing 316L particles increased the fracture toughness of basalt by more than 30%. The relative density of these samples was measured to be 97%, whereas macrohardness was found to be 6.2 GPa.
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