Objective. Aminothiols (glutathione (GSH), cysteinylglycine (CG)) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the possible association of these indicators with the severity of COVID-19 has not yet been investigated. Methods. The total content ( t ) and reduced forms ( r ) of aminothiols were determined in patients with COVID-19 ( n = 59 ) on admission. Lung injury was characterized by computed tomography (CT) findings in accordance with the CT0-4 classification. Results. Low tGSH level was associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 ( tGSH ≤ 1.5 μ M , mild vs. moderate/severe: risk ratio RR = 3.09 , p = 0.007 ) and degree of lung damage ( tGSH ≤ 1.8 μ M , CT < 2 vs. CT ≥ 2 : RR = 2.14 , p = 0.0094 ). The rGSH level showed a negative association with D-dimer levels ( ρ = − 0.599 , p = 0.014 ). Low rCG level was also associated with the risk of lung damage ( rCG ≤ 1.3 μ M , CT < 2 vs. CT ≥ 2 : RR = 2.28 , p = 0.001 ). Levels of rCG ( ρ = − 0.339 , p = 0.012 ) and especially tCG ( ρ = − 0.551 , p = 0.004 ) were negatively associated with platelet count. In addition, a significant relationship was found between the advanced oxidation protein product level and tGSH in patients with moderate or severe but not in patients with mild COVID-19. Conclusion. Thus, tGSH and rCG can be seen as potential markers for the risk of severe COVID-19. GSH appears to be an important factor to oxidative damage prevention as infection progresses. This suggests the potential clinical efficacy of correcting glutathione metabolism as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19.
Objective. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) are indicators of global transmethylation and may play an important role as markers of severity of COVID-19. Methods. The levels of plasma SAM and SAH were determined in patients admitted with COVID-19 ( n = 56 , mean age = 61 ). Lung injury was identified by computed tomography (CT) in accordance with the CT0-4 classification. Results. SAM was found to be a potential marker of lung damage risk in COVID-19 patients ( SAM > 80 nM ; CT3,4 vs. CT 0-2: relative ratio (RR) was 3.0; p = 0.0029 ). SAM / SAH > 6.0 was also found to be a marker of lung injury (CT2-4 vs. CT0,1: RR = 3.47 , p = 0.0004 ). There was a negative association between SAM and glutathione level ( ρ = − 0.343 , p = 0.011 ). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were associated with SAM ( ρ = 0.44 , p = 0.01 ) and SAH ( ρ = 0.534 , p = 0.001 ) levels. Conclusions. A high SAM level and high methylation index are associated with the risk of lung injury in patients with COVID-19. The association of SAM with IL-6 and glutathione indicates an important role of transmethylation in the development of cytokine imbalance and oxidative stress in patients with COVID-19.
Objective: S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) are indicators of global transmethylation and may play an important role as markers of severity of COVID-19. Methods: The levels of plasma SAM and SAH were determined in patients admitted with COVID-19 (n = 56, mean age = 61). Lung injury was identified by computed tomography (CT) in accordance with the CT0-4 classification. Results: SAM was found to be a potential marker of lung damage risk in COVID-19 patients (SAM > 80 nM; CT3,4 vs. CT 0-2: relative ratio (RR) was 3.0; p = 0.0029). SAM/SAH > 6.0 was also found to be a marker of lung injury (CT2-4 vs. CT0,1: RR = 3.47, p = 0.0004). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were associated with SAM (r= 0.44, p = 0.01) and SAH (r= 0.534, p = 0.001) levels. Conclusions: High SAM levels and high methylation index are associated with the risk of lung injury in COVID-19 patients. The association of SAM and SAH with IL-6 indicates an important role of transmethylation in the development of cytokine imbalance in COVID-19 cases.
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