This paper reviews the results obtained by Russian and foreign researchers of the importance of balanced development of a region as an autonomous system. The author proposes an algorithm for generation of balanced regional development indicators as well as determination of «regional vitality index», provides an example of graphic representation of the results for the proposed method. Additionally, the paper contains the set of assumed indicators based on a social nature of the state. Regions, as used herein, are classified into balanced, socially oriented, and economically oriented, and strategic directions are defined on the basis of existing vector of development and regional vitality index, i. e. type of the region. Key takeaways and recommendations are listed in the conclusion. In particular, the results of determining the «region vitality factor» make it possible to estimate the level of regional social and economic development with the possibility of quantitatively calculating functional imbalances, determining (if any) the vector and magnitude of deformation. The consistency of the approach to the formation of blocks of indicators allows considering the key aspects of social and economic development of the region.
The expansion of international trade and the dynamism of the geography of foreign trade operations are pushing for the transformation of the transport and logistics system of foreign economic activity. The current stage of development of the world economy highlights the country's transport and logistics system as a key factor of competition in world markets, which entails a confrontation between national states for the formation/participation, for example, of transit routes for the movement of goods. In these conditions, the objects of transport and logistics infrastructure, the degree of their development, and the dynamics of investment are of exceptional importance. In this area, Russia lags behind the advanced economically developed and developing countries, and the volume of investment is significantly lower than many economies in the world. In this regard, there is an opinion in the scientific community that the logistics of foreign trade in Russia without forced growth can become a deterrent to the development of the country's export potential. As a result of the study, it was identified as relatively insufficient (in accordance with international standards) the cost of logistics infrastructure facilities, as well as a limited amount of investment, which is a key factor constraining the development of the industry. In addition to the above, there is a shortage of competent personnel in this area, and it is also necessary to improve the system of training of relevant employees. As a result, as of 2018, Russia ranked only 75th (out of 160 countries) in the world in the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) rating, which, despite the dynamics, is extremely low for a state with wide export and transit opportunities. In the second part of the paper, the main ways of developing Russia's export potential through improving transport and logistics activities are formulated. Among all areas, special attention should be paid to the processes of investing in the creation or modernization of logistics infrastructure facilities through the formation of a financing system based on public-private partnership mechanisms. In this aspect, it is extremely important to develop both the state mechanism of digital traceability of the movement of goods in the transport chains, and private ones. At the same time, from the position of the state, efforts should be directed to the transformation of the business environment in the vector of barrier-free conditions.
Subject. The country should primarily comply with its national interests when integrating into the global economy, thus acquiring methods and mechanisms for ensuring the transparency of business operations, concurrently reducing the administrative burden on the business community. Therefore, the expansion of digital technologies in public administration seems quite a promising mission. The construction and development of the national digital system for merchandise tracking is a critical project for this initiative. Objectives. I herein analyze the present and future of the national digital system for merchandise tracking in terms of the national security of Russia. Methods. The study is based on methods of logic and statistical analysis. Results. In the first part, I investigate strengths and weaknesses of the digitization in Russia and present various viewpoints on the matter. The digital traceability systems was discovered to influence entities of Russia’s national security. In the second part, I focus on the substance, purposes and types of traceability. The article also analyzes the legislative framework for the national traceability system. The final part sets out difficulties and aspects of improving the development of the national traceability systems. I emphasize that the Federal Customs Service of Russia and the Federal Tax Service of Russia should amplify their cooperation. Conclusions and Relevance. The national traceability systems should be developed so as to ensure the national security, respect interests of all economic agents.
Ключевые слова: регион, государственная политика, специализация регионов, пространственное развитие, инструменты государственного регулирования.В статье рассматриваются перспективы пространственного развития России посредством стимулирования специализаций каждого региона. В связи с этим, анализируется удельный вес отдельных регионов в общероссийские значения социально-экономических показателей, тем самым определяются наиболее развитые отрасли в исследуемых территориях. В результате выявлено, что ряд субъектов Рф вносят наибольший вклад в экономику России посредством производства продукции сельского хозяйства (Курская область, Белгородская область), другие имеют ярко выраженный характер по добыче полезных ископаемых (Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -югра), третьи многосторонне развиты (например, Московская область: обрабатывающее производство, водоснабжение и водоотведение, сельское хозяйство). Особое место занимают города федерального значения -Москва и Санкт-Петербург -имеют значительный удельный вес в экономике России посредством концентрации научного и производственного капитала, а также размещением головных офисов крупных компаний (осуществляющих деятельность в других регионах). В связи с этим, при формировании и реализации государственной политики пространственного развития необходимо ориентироваться на направления специализации каждого субъекта Рф с определением его возможностей включения в региональные, национальные и международные цепочки создания стоимости. Интерес представляет формирование макрорегионов в КНР, вследствие чего перераспределяется нагрузка на входящие в его состав субъекты. В России законодательно макрорегионы сформированы в Стратегии пространственного развития Российской федерации на период до 2025 года, однако, ввиду незначительного периода действия данного документа значительного эффекта пока не получено. В перспективе целесообразна выработка стратегий развития эндогенных факторов экономического роста территорий.
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