It is proposed a computational model of spatial formation of cracks in reinforced concrete constructions under the action of torsion with bending, based on working assumptions and constructed equations. The physical interpretation of the solution is that it allows to search for generalized minimum load, which corresponds to the formation of the first crack and the spatial coordinates of the point of its formation.
Abstract. It is proposed a method for rigidity calculating of reinforced concrete structures in the presence of cracks, suitable for rod and flatstrained concrete composite structures. It is based on the operating conditions and includes a new, more complete classification of the various cracks, models of a special crack, the calculation of the two-console model; a special cantilever model to determine the parameters of the joint between the concrete; calculation model of the block with the working section at the beginning and end of the crack to determine the horizontal (vertical) projections of various cracks with the involvement of analytical relationships. They are based on the extremum of a function of many variables and Lagrange multipliers, as well as attracting level model of multi-level development of the various cracks, which allow to find the distance between the cracks and width of their disclosure, with considering the effect of discontinuities. This effect can greatly simplify the process of determining the rigidity of reinforced concrete structures (including composite ones), despite the complexity and diversity of the crack pattern.
Statement of the problem. New challenges of our time and the dynamics of socio-political and socio-economic factors in the development of Russia significantly affect the methodology of urban planning. The deteriorating environmental situation in many cities encourages a new approach to understanding and developing new principles of city life that regulate the biosphere compatibility of cities and the development of human capital as the main criteria for the effectiveness of territorial planning, construction and operation of urban facilities. Results. The article deals with a fundamentally new approach-urban planning, which should be understood as a system of fundamental provisions on life in the territories of cities and settlements and the principles of their spatial development and settlement. In practical terms, urban planning is an activity for the internal arrangement of the city's living environment, creating favorable conditions for the life of all categories and strata of the population without exception. The fundamental differences between the concept of urban development and urban planning are related to the need to understand the unity of the city and Nature, the symbiotic "embedding" of the city in the Biosphere. The Central element of the concept of urban development is the person, the conditions for its development in the urban environment.Conclusion. As part of the research, the practice of urban planning allows solving the problems of innovative development of the urban economy and increasing human potential, and in the long term -- transforming cities into biosphere-compatible and developing people as an alternative condition forthe survival of humanity and a priority for its development as an intellectual community.
Here is presented an approach to the simulation of complex in its multicomponent structure for implementing the functions of city activity. The approach is based on the paradigm of the city compatibility with the Biosphere and phrased on the principles of its self-organization. A conceptual model of the urban livelihood system in the form of a multicomponent natural and technogenic structure is also described. A mathematical model of an open dynamic compatible with the Biosphere urban livelihood system with the choice of the governing parameters for management is developed.
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