In plasmon-enhanced singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) production, irradiation of a hybrid photosensitizer−metal nanoparticle leads to a significant alteration of the photosensitizer's 1 O 2 yield. The quest for a more rational design of these nanomaterials calls for a better understanding of the enhancement mechanism that, to this day, remains largely unexplored. Herein, we introduce a new methodology to distinguish the near-and far-field contributions to the plasmon-enhanced 1 O 2 production using a tunable model nanoplatform, Rose Bengal-decorated silicacoated metal nanoparticles. By correlating 1 O 2 production to the experimental and simulated optical properties of our nanoparticles, we effectively discriminate how the near-and far-field effects contribute to the plasmonic interactions. We show that these effects work in synergy; i.e., for nanoparticles with a similar local field, the production of 1 O 2 correlates with maximized scattering yields. Our results expound the critical plasmonic aspects in terms of near and far fields for the design of an efficient hybrid plasmonic nanoparticle photosensitizer.

In aqueous electrochemical processes, the pH evolves spatially and temporally, and often dictates the process performance. Herein, a new method for the in‐operando monitoring of pH distribution in an electrochemical cell is demonstrated. A combination of pH‐sensitive fluorescent dyes, encompassing a wide pH range from ≈1.5 to 8.5, and rapid electrochemically coupled laser scanning confocal microscopy is used to observe pH changes in the cell. Using electrocoagulation as an example process, we show that the method provides new insights into the reaction mechanisms. The pH close to the aluminium electrode surface is influenced by the applied current density, hydrolysis of aluminium cations, and gas evolution. Through quantification of the pH at the anode, along with gas analysis, we find that hydrogen is evolved at the anode due to a non‐Faradaic chemical reaction. This leads to increased production of coagulant, which may open new routes to enhance the process performance. This method for in‐operando dynamic visualization of pH paves the way for studies of electrochemical processes, including other water treatment, electrosynthesis, and batteries.

Working with silica nanoparticle encapsulated BODIPY and xanthene photosensitizers, we have determined that singlet oxygen spends up to 78% of its lifetime inside the nanocarriers. Our systematic investigation indicates that hydrophobicity rules the photosensitizer distribution in nanoparticles, which in turn dictates the ability of these structures to release singlet oxygen.

A BST R ACTThe review focused on global trends in the development of scientific research and the practical applications of chitosan in food technology in recent years. Chitin and its derivative chitosan obtaining from the crustacean shells and the cell wall of fungi are among the most common biopolymers in the world. Chitosan is a polysaccharide discerned by a large number of unsubstituted amino groups. Featured properties of chitosan providing its high chemical and biological activities. Chitosan has various abilities as polycationite, film former, antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. Multifunctional properties open up broad prospects for the chitosan applications in various fields of technology, medicine and industry. The most attention in the review is paid to the works on extending food products shelf life with chitosan based primary edible film coatings and biodegradable packaging. At the same time chitosan applications as an emulsifier, a flocculant, as well as functional food additive, nutrient encapsulating material and dietary supplement are highlighted.