tEMG testing is effective for medial breaches in CBT screws. In addition, there is evidence that bicortical placement of these screws causes lower stimulation values due to distal breach. Importantly, it seems that this is due in part to stimulation of the exiting nerve root at the level above.
Introduction. Ticagrelor is an oral, reversible, direct-acting inhibitor of
adenosine diphosphate receptor P2Y12, which has a faster onset of action and
stronger inhibition of platelet aggregation than clopidogrel. Case Report.
This case report describes a 54-year-old male patient with repeated,
transient ischemic attacks due to ipsilateral, significant carotid stenosis
registered by carotid duplex ultrasound. In addition to aspirin, clopidogrel
and rosuvastatin were added to the therapy. Despite optimal treatment, the
patient was continuously unstable with frequent but transient neurological
symptoms. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed acute,
cortical-subcortical ischemic lesions in the left frontal and parietal
lobes, while the computed tomography angiography of the endocranium showed
progression of findings and occlusion of the left common carotid artery.
Subsequently, laboratory platelet aggregation analysis confirmed aspirin
resistance and poor response to clopidogrel. Episodes of transient ischemic
attacks were stabilized after the exclusion of dual antiplatelet therapy and
introduction of ticagrelor. After that, the patient?s symptoms did not recur
and he remained stable. Conclusion. The incidence of resistance to
antiplatelet therapy in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack
varies greatly and ranges from 3% to 85% for aspirin, and 28% to 44% for
clopidogrel. Our case showed that platelet aggregation analysis is
reasonable if patients with transient ischemic attack or minor acute
ischemic stroke are neurologically unstable, despite optimal medical
treatment and when other therapeutic options, such as carotid
revascularization, are not indicated. In such situations, ticagrelor may be
a suitable alternative to dual antiplatelet therapy.
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