We have developed an air-spiral separator with a screw aspiration channel, which allows us to reduce the air consumption and specific quantity of metal per structure. We have established that the separation process is ensured at an air flow rate V = 7.1…7.9 m/s and the diameter of the working element D = 0.3 m/ To ensure a pressure of 120.7…133.4 Pa in the working element of the separator, the fan should ensure the initial air flow pressure P = 158.7…175.4 Pa. Our laboratory studies have established that the change in the product delivery volume uniformly affects the change in the output parameter at any speed value. We have found that the change in the product delivery volume has a larger effect on the change in the output parameter when the air flow rate increases. The relationship between the product delivery point and the air flow rate is almost linear and uniform.
The use of grain-drying complexes is established to make possible to start harvesting before the crops are fully ripened, to shorten the harvesting period, to increase the productivity of combine harvesters and reduce production losses. An economic and mathematical model is developed to justify the productivity of grain-drying equipment, taking into account the rate of grain supplied from the field. Simulation made possible to reveal the rational productivity of a grain dryer taking into account a wide range of natural and production factors. The dependence of the operation of combine harvesters on the moisture content of the grain mass is obtained. It is established that the use of crops with different growing periods in crop rotation makes possible to expand the rational range of harvesting equipment and grain-cleaning complexes, to reduce the total cost of production.
The aim of this work is to study the effect that energy supplements provide on the digestibility and application of nutrients in high-yielding cows diets during their milking period. The scientific and economic experiment was run at CJSC “Glinki” in Kurgan region. For this experiment, three groups were formed, which consisted of Black-and-White cows, according to the principle of analogues. Studies showed that feeding cows with the energy supplement “Lakto S” increased the digestibility of dry matter by 1.68%; of organic matter — by 1.53%; of crude protein — by 2.25 (P < 0.05)%; of crude fiber — by 2.40%; of crude fat — by 3.47%; nitrogen-free extractable substances — by 0.84%, and also changed the concentration of hydrogen ions by 0.16 units, increased VFA by 15.51units (P > 0.05), changed the amount of acetic and propionic acids — by 2.48 and 0.70%, and reduced the level of total nitrogen and ammonia in the rumen of cows by 3.59 and 4.11% respectively. The energy supplement “Lacto S”, fed to the cows during their milking period, provided more efficient use of feed energy for milk production by 11.98% (12.47 MJ) (P < 0.05) in comparison with the control group. The zootechnical feasibility of using the energy supplements “Lacto S” and “Extima 100” in the diets of high-yielding cows in order to enhance the processes of digestion and metabolism in their bodies has been experimentally substantiated.
In Sverdlovsk region the Ural type of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle is raised and used. Admixing of Holstein line revealed a number of problems in the breeding of crossbred livestock, including decrease of the cows’ productive longevity. This poses new challenges for solving the issues of the herd reproduction and growing of young replacement livestock. The research of correlation between the dynamics of live weight gain by periods of growth along the young livestock lines is relevant and has practical significance. In result of the research it was found that the heifers of Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line outcompeted their peers from the Reflection Sovering line 198998 in terms of live weight in all periods, provided that they were raised under the same conditions, same feeding and same care; moreover all heifers had practically the same live weight at birth. At 6, 10 and 12 months of age, the difference in live weight was significant at p ≤ 0.05–0.01 in favor of heifers of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line. According to the periods of growth, a positive conjugation of body weight changes was revealed. The correlation between live body weight by periods and the age of the first insemination is negative.
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