The article proposes a solution to the problem of more accurately taking into account the influence of scale factors on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the stress-strain state obtained by testing both individual structures and structural systems made of reinforced concrete. Methodical approaches to modeling tests for static and dynamic loads are considered, with the aim of taking into account the scale effects that occur during the manufacture of prototypes of models of individual structures and structural systems made of reinforced concrete. Comparative analysis estimated effect of different geometric proportions for free opera statically determinate beams and for a fragment of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame multistory buildings, experimental studies which were performed by the authors earlier. Analytical patterns were established to assess the impact of large-scale factors on the particular static and dynamic deformation of structures and structural systems of reinforced concrete. The results can be taken into account when conducting experimental studies of model reinforced concrete structures for dynamic emergency loads
The article examines the role of dynamic collapse modelling for reinforced concrete structures exposed to emergency dynamic loads. The authors reviewed methodological approaches to test simulation of emergency loads applied to reinforced concrete structures with the aim to consider the scale effects revealed in manufacturing of test models of reinforced concrete structures. The comparative analysis is based on the examples of the authors’ previous computational and experimental investigations of the reinforced concrete building frames made of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete. The article determines regularities in the impact of physical and geometric similarities applicable to models and full-scale specimens. The obtained results can become a base for a mathematical description of the impact produced by scale effects that shall be considered in simulation of emergency dynamic loads for the given structures.
Physical and mathematical modeling is widely used in scientific research. This is due to the fact that field experiments on real construction sites are often impossible to organize for various reasons. The material included in the textbook is a summary of the authors ' experience in the field of system analysis. In the first section, the regularities of physical modeling of the functioning of objects based on the similarity and dimension theorems are considered. The second section presents modern models and methods for choosing optimal solutions: linear, nonlinear, stochastic, and statistical. The third section deals with experimental methods of system optimization based on the theory of experimental planning. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 08.04.01 "Construction", and graduate students of higher educational institutions. It will be useful for specialists in the field of mathematical methods for the study of complex systems and their applications.
As is known, suspension bridges are much lighter in their total weight than those of other designs. This is their indisputable advantage. It is no coincidence that these bridges are widely used in practice. However, along with the indisputable advantages, they are quite sensitive to wind loads generating bending and torsional oscillations of spans at certain transverse air velocities. If the bridge drag at a transverse airflow can be easily reduced by designing streamlined surfaces, then the bridge span surface stability under the action of bending and torsion forces can only be ensured by properly choosing its cross-sectional profile providing the required inertia moment as a required component of its stiffness.
The material included in the article is a generalization of the authors ' experience in the field of setting and conducting model tests of building structures. An integral part of the experiment is the theory of physical modeling, which gives the correct approach to the formulation and conduct of experiments. The creation of construction structures of various classes and purposes is based on extensive preliminary research, among which, along with computational work, an important role is played by testing models of individual structural elements. In the article, based on the theory of physical modeling, the answer to two questions is given: - how to create a model, choose a real object (hanging mota); - how to recalculate the results of the experiment on the object under study.
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