research: the study of the size and shape of the object under study at the initial stage of its research, the construction and development of a coordinate system for the object by space phototriangulation, etc.
The authors present the results of numerical experiments aimed to determine the mean square error, which can be used to obtain the spatial coordinates of the object’s under study points through processing images obtained from UAVs using only on-Board global satellite and inertial navigation equipment on drones. At those experiments, aerial photography from the UAVs was modeled for mapping and solving the engineering task of creating a three-dimensional building (structure) model. A pair of images was simulated for the research. The results using the characteristics of the GNSS inertial solutions Trimble АРХ-15 UAV and Trimble АРХ-20 UAV are presented. The experiments show that at solving engineering tasks under conditions corresponding to an arbitrary case of aerial photography, in order to determinie the spatial coordinates with the mean square error not more than 15 mm, the same error of determining the linear elements of external orientation should be 2–5 mm, and the angular elements 10–20ʺ. This significantly exceeds the characteristics corresponding to the post-processing mode for the specified GNSS-inertial solutions. The authors show the effect of angular elements’ external orientation errors to resulting the mean square error of each coordinate and a possible approach to reducing it.
The article discusses the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in solving engineering tasks. Information about the current state of the market of unmanned aerial vehicles and services with their use is provided. The most frequently used unmanned aerial vehicles and their characteristics are considered. Modern methods of obtaining and principles of processing images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles and trends towards further development of the aerial photography process are described. The results are presented: modeling the influence of angular elements of external orientation on the accuracy of the obtained spatial coordinates of terrain points; studies of determining the volume of soil and creating a three-dimensional model of an engineering object (building) based on aerial photography obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle multicopter. The accuracy of determining the volume of soil was controlled using a digital terrain model obtained using a total station. Control of the accuracy of building a three-dimensional model of an engineering object was performed by comparing the distances between the points of the object obtained from the three-dimensional model and the total station measurements. As follows from the results of the article, an unmanned aerial vehicle can be an effective tool for solving some engineering problems. The results obtained are comparable to the accuracy of classical methods, provided that the correct choice of the type of unmanned aerial vehicle and the correct approach to processing obtained images.
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