The paper describes the results of making the mathematical and physical models of the authors, by using analogous methods and materials. There is the mathematical rock mass deformability model as a base for foundation engineering a concrete arch dam and the physical rock slope model which was tested by loading until failure and the results were compared with the calculation procedure. In the first example the correlation is established between the static and the analogous dynamic in situ investigations for creating the mathematical rock mass deformability model. In the second example there is application of the analogous materials for the discontinuity shearing simulation on the physical slope model. The results of the geotechnical in situ investigations and laboratory testing carried out in the Institute for Development of Water Resources "Jaroslav Cerni" in Belgrade were used for making the models
Femoral head translation leads to the cam deformity development. It is formed on the femoral head-neck junction. Cam deformity produces femoroacetabular impingement. There are no particular techniques for femoral head translation assessment. The offset index is the most regularly applied. It quantifi es the relation between the femoral head and neck junction. We introduce the original method to test the femoral head translation.The purpose of this survey was to draw, measure and to test gamma angle rates. Tested groups were subjects with cam and mix form of femoroacetabular impingement. We compare gamma angle values with the offset index. Gamma angle role in femoral head angular inclination measurement, we considered.
Material:We measured the gamma angle on the preoperative X-rays of the hips. 51 subjects with mixed and cam form of femoroacetabular impingement we analyzed. Standardized preoperative anteroposterior and profi le X-ryas we managed.
Method:Two femoral neck axes we drew. The angle they made we named gamma angle. We assumed this angle measure femoral head angular inclination. Gamma angle higher than 3° was pathological. We calculated and tabulated data.The results: Gamma angles mean was 6,30° on the AP and 5,97° on the profi le X-rays. The gamma angle sensitivity of 90,32% was on AP X-rays. On the other X-rays, sensitivity was smaller: 60-85%. Specifi city, positive and negative predictive values were over 90%. We established a high negative correlation between the offset index and gamma angle values.Conclusion: Gamma angle measured the angular inclination of the femoral head on the hips X-rays. This angle might be an appropriate tool. One can apply this tool in people with the closed proximal femoral epiphysis.
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