Whereas standard strategic environmental assessment (SEA) methodology aims to assess the impacts of certain activities solely on environmental quality, new tendencies in spatial and environmental planning are directed toward the application of environmental social impact assessment (ESIA). Having a wider scope, ESIA also implies assessing the impacts on quality of life as well as on natural and cultural heritage. Case studies in Serbia are used to explore whether the combined application of SEA and ESIA methodology in strategic territorial planning helps control negative effects of tourism, namely in protected areas (PA). The results/fi ndings of the analysed case studies prove that combined implementation of SEA with ESIA methodology in spatial planning helps to overcome confl icts between tourism development and protection of natural and cultural heritage, and quality of life. Also, the analysed case studies (tourism destinations in PA such as Djerdap National Park and Stara planina Nature Park) show that the application of combined SEA and ESIA contributes to better understanding of the specifi c problems related to sustainable territorial development, and provides support to the planning options and solutions aimed at addressing these problems in a more ecologically and socially justifi able manner. Findings implicate that SEA and ESIA have proved to be instruments for indirect coordination between spatial and tourism planning for achieving sustainable territorial development of tourism destinations in PA.Keywords: sustainable territorial development, strategic planning, spatial planning, sectoral (tourism) planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental social impact assessment, tourism destination in protected areas *e-mail: marina@iaus.ac.rs DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/61851 1354 Nenkovic-Riznic M., et al.
The starting point for easier resolution of conflicts between conservation
and development should be the application of the concept of protected areas
of natural heritage as social-ecological systems. This is also the
precondition for attainment of strategic planning coordination for protected
mountain areas (PMA). The objective of the paper is to provide the insight
into the effectiveness of strategic planning support - spatial and sectoral
planning - to sustainable territorial and tourism development of PMA in
Serbia. The study area comprises Kopaonik and Djerdap National Parks, and
Stara Planina Nature Park. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of
strategic planning for PMA by means of analysis and evaluation of spatial
plans, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and sector plans in tourism
for the study area. The effectiveness of spatial planning is checked based on
the analysis and evaluation of sustainability of zoning and land-use regimes,
and of tourism development proposed by spatial plans for the study area. The
conclusion is that it is necessary to apply holistic approach to sector
planning for nature conservation and tourism development, and to apply SEA
for tourism planning as well. Reduction of the spatial coverage of PMA and
spatial differentiation of protected zones from the ones planned for
intensive development is recommended.
Whereas standard SEA (Strategic Environmental Assessment) and EIA
(Environmental Impact Assessment) methodologies aim to assess the impacts of
certain activities solely on environmental quality, new tendencies in spatial
and environmental planning are directed towards the application of
environmental social impact assessment (ESIA), which implies assessment of
the impacts on the quality of life, as well as on natural and cultural
heritage. In the ESIA procedure, identification and assessment of direct,
indirect and cumulative effects of tourism-related and other different
activities are of key importance. The paper presents two case studies of
ecologically vulnerable tourism destinations to explore whether the
application of SEA/ESIA to strategic planning helps control, minimize or
avoid negative effects of tourism; in addition, the case studies are analysed
to check the efficiency of SEA/ESIA as instruments for coordination between
spatial and tourism planning for sustainable territorial development of
tourism destinations. The results/findings of the analysed case studies show
that the application of combined SEA and adapted ESIA methods contributes to
better understanding of the specific problems related to sustainable
territorial development of tourism destinations, and provides support to the
planning options and solutions aimed at addressing these problems n a more
ecologically and socially justifiable manner. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke
Republike Srbije, br. TR36036: Sustainable development of the Danube area in
Serbia i br. III47014: The Role and Implementation of the National Spatial
Plan and Regional Development Documents in Renewal of Strategic Research,
Thinking and Governance in Serbia]
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