To combat environmental challenges—such as the depletion of natural resources and a high carbon footprint—and contribute to the effort of achieving zero-waste technology and sustainable development, the use of agricultural and industrial wastes in the cement industry has created a research interest. This study explores the potential of two types of harvest residue ash (HRA) and three types of ceramic waste (CP) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) through: (1) the characterization of raw materials and (2) examining the physical properties and mechanical performance of cement-based mortar samples prepared with 10%, 30% and 50%wt of the selected SCMs ground into powder form as cement replacement. Two main variables were the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and the effect of different grinding procedures. Experimental results demonstrated that flexural and compressive strengths were not significantly impaired by SCM additions of up to 50%, but higher replacement levels led to an increased permeability and higher capillary water absorption due to the dilution effect. Also, a lower w/b was shown to effectively reduce the porosity of mortar and increase its mechanical properties, allowing for higher shares of SCMs to be utilized. This study verifies the technical feasibility of cob corn ash and ceramic powder application as SCMs in mortar formulations, further promoting the practice of incorporating industrial and agricultural by-products in greener cementitious composites.

Traditionally, residential buildings in Vojvodina have masonry walls. Various types of mortar of mineral origin are most often used for joining masonry elements and finishing. The total amount of mortar for the construction of one building is not negligible. The estimated annual consumption of mortar in Vojvodina is about 198 thousand tons i.e. 27 thousand tons of cement and about 31.5 thousand tons of hydrated lime. It can easily be seen conventional mortars based on cement and lime are unacceptable in the light of environmental protection and sustainable development in the contemporary construction industry. Therefore, there is a need for research and development of new, alternative types of binders, based on locally available renewable and/or waste materials. The ceramic masonry elements and tiles industry generates ceramic waste during the production process. This waste, in powder form, could potentially be used as supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Biomass ash, generated by the combustion of harvest residues, as a renewable energy source, is another alternative to cement in modern building composites. This paper emphasizes the physical, chemical, and pozzolanic characteristics of the available agro-waste ashes and ceramic waste powder, originating from Vojvodina. The results indicate relatively high pozzolanicity of all tested ceramic powders and biomass ash based on cob corn, owing to their high fineness and reactive silica content. Furthermore, a catalogue of collected waste materials, illustrating basic data on the raw materials, processing method, landfilling, available quantities, and their tested properties is given.

Rad se sastoji iz teorijskog i praktičnog dela. U teorijskom delu je opisano određivanje optimalne debljine zaštitnog sloja betona u cilju obezbeđenja zahtevane trajnosti AB konstrukcija. U praktičnom delu je urađena procena stanja AB konstrukcije sportskog centra ’’Sajmište’’. Kako bi se utvrdio stepen oštećenja i dao predlog sanacionih radova, sproveden je detaljan vizuelni pregled svih dostupnih elemenata konstrukcije. Na osnovu analize registrovanih defekata i oštećenja, rezultata terenskih ispitivanja, kontrolnog proračuna sa opterećenjima koja odgovaraju novoj funkciji objekta i arhitektonskom rešenju, dat je predlog sanacionih mera u cilju obezbeđebnja nosivosti i trajnosti novoprojektovane AB konstrukcije.

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