Even though self-confidence is a popular concept both in everyday life and in psychology, no individual difference measure is available. The purpose of this study was to construct and validate an 18-item self-confidence scale. A sample of 191 white undergraduate students from Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (44 men and 147 women) participated. An exploratory factor analysis indicated two distinct factors; one measured a general cognitive aspect of self-confidence and a second evaluated a more specific self-confidence in one's abilities and opinions. Internal consistency (Cronbach α) was .84. Intercorrelations with other related measures (.23 to .69) were significant and in the expected direction. The new scale could be useful when a specific measure of self-confidence is required as an individual difference measure.
ResumeBien qu'il semble evident que la perception de contr61e et le desir de contrdle soient en relation avec la sante psychologique, les conditions particulieres sous lesquelles se manifestent les reactions positives ou negatives demandent a etre precisees. La pr&ente recherche vise a expliciter la relation entre la perception de contrdle, le desir de controle et la sante psychologique. L'examen de la contribution simultanee des deux types de contrdle pour rendre compte des variations du degre de depression, d'anxiete, de resignation et de detresse psychologique constitue une particularity de la pr£sente £tude. Les sujets (N = 224) ont complex des mesures de perception de contr&Ie (Paulhus, 1983), de desir de controle (Burger & Cooper, 1979), de detresse psychologique contenant des indices de depression et d'anxiete (Ilfeld, 1978) et de resignation (Thornton, 1982). Une regression polynomiale confirme l'existence d'une relation quadratique entre l'ecart (entre la perception et le desir de contrdle) et chacune des variables de sante psychologique a l'etude. L'equation polynomiale revele que plus cet ecart augmente (peu importe le sens), plus les indices de detresse psychologique, d'anxiete, de depression et de resignation sont importants; toutefois, la relation n'est pas purement lineaire, la composante quadratique revelant une courbe dont la pente est inversee. En outre, une serie de regressions multiples hierarchiques visant a verifier la contribution du desir de contrdle, de la perception de contrdle et leur effet multiplicatif sur les variables dependantes confirme l'egale contribution des variables de controle et revele que leur interaction s'avere significative en fonction de la depression et de la resignation. L'examen des effets simples decoulant de ces interactions indique que la perception de contrdle s'accompagne de plus de depression et de resignation a des niveaux faibles de desir de contrdle qu'a des niveaux moyens ou eieves.
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