Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar e analisar as políticas públicas de esporte educacional organizadas pela Secretaria de Esporte, Lazer e Juventude do Estado de São Paulo (SELJ), considerando o possível impacto da realização dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. Foi utilizada como ferramenta de coleta de informações e análise a triangulação de dados, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, diário de campo e pesquisa documental. A realização dos Jogos Olímpicos no País provocou o acirramento de novos discursos de legitimação da pirâmide esportiva como base das políticas de esporte educacional em São Paulo. Também foi notado o caráter imediatista e o incremento de discursos e algumas ações para o segmento.Abstract: This study looked into and analyzed the public policies for educational sports organized by the Department of Sports, Leisure and Youth of São Paulo (SELJ), considering the possible impact of the 2016 Olympic Games. As data collection and analysis methodology, data triangulation was performed through semi-structured interviews, field diary, and documentary research. The Olympic Games in Brazil intensified new discourses to legitimize the sports pyramid as a basis for educational sports policies in São Paulo. The immediatist character and the increase of discourses and some actions for the segment were also observed.Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar y analizar las políticas públicas de deporte educacional organizadas por la Secretaría de Deportes, Ocio y Juventud del estado de São Paulo (SELJ), considerando el posible impacto de la realización de los Juegos Olímpicos de 2016. Como metodología de recolección y análisis de datos se realizó la triangulación de datos mediante entrevista semiestructurada, diario de campo e investigación documental. La realización de los Juegos Olímpicos en el país provocó la intensificación de nuevos discursos para legitimar la pirámide deportiva como base de las políticas de deporte educacional en São Paulo. También se observó el carácter inmediatista y el aumento de los discursos y algunas acciones para ese segmento.
Palavras chave:Esportes. Políticas públicas. Jogos Olímpicos.
Highly weathered soils are commonly found in most crops cultivation sites of Brazil, such as maize and soybean. They impose many challenges for plant growth, such as reduced nutrient availability. Hyphal networks, resulting from mutualistic symbiotic associations between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), could be a viable alternative to improve plant growth and nutrition by enhancing root access to a significantly larger soil surface area, increasing nutrient availability and uptake. Thus, we aimed at evaluating in-furrow applications of propagules from four AMF species to enhance soybeans and maize yields, plant vigor, plant height, and biomass accumulation. Thereby, four soybeans and six maize field trials were conducted in the 2018/2019 growing season in Brazil in different environments. Two EndoMaxx SC rates (150 or 300 ml ha-1) were tested, with or without P fertilization during sowing. Results indicated that both rates positively impacted all variables analyzed, regardless of crop species and P fertilization. Even in the absence of P fertilization, AMF-colonized soybeans and maize treatments were either significantly higher or similar to the untreated control. Moreover, crop yield was 2.6-9.1% more when the highest rate of AMF was applied in combination with P fertilization compared to the P-fertilized untreated control. In-furrow EndoMaxx SC applications are an alternative to increase the sustainability of soybean and maize production, especially in a scenario, in which yield must be maximized in the coming decades to supply food for the exponentially growing population without expanding cultivations to new sites.
Hyphal networks, resulting from mutualistic symbiotic associations between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), improve plant growth and nutrition by enhancing root access to a significantly larger soil surface area, which increases nutrient availability and translocation within the plant-host. Considering the limitations imposed by the low nutrient availability commonly found in the highly weathered soils of Brazil, the positive effects of AMF could benefit the production of important plant species, such as soybeans and maize. Multiple trials were thus carried out to investigate growth and yield responses of two major crops of Brazil, soybeans and maize, in response to mycorrhizal symbiosis originated from the inoculation of a mixture of four AMF species at seed treatment. Five soybean and seven maize field trials were conducted in the 2018/2019 growing season in different regions of Brazil. Two product rates (10 or 20 ml ha-1) were tested under two P fertilization levels (0% and 100%). We observed that plant growth-promoting effects were observed in response to AMF inoculation in both crops and both rates (10 and 20 ml ha-1 and regardless of P fertilization). Moreover, treatments inoculated with AMF propagule, but not mineral fertilized with P, presented growth improvements either similar or better than the untreated P-fertilized control. Both crops yield was increased when the highest product rate was applied in combination with P fertilization relative to the P-fertilized untreated control. Our results show that EndoFuse is an alternative to facilitate important crops cultivation.
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