This Integrative Review aims to explore the Brazilian scientific production of psychiatric nursing about psychosocial rehabilitation from 1992 to 2014. The analysis of the surveyed articles results in five thematic categories: nursing and Psychiatric Reform, tools and strategies that provide psychosocial rehabilitation, family background in psychosocial rehabilitation, Psychosocial Care Centers and other spaces as facilitators of psychosocial rehabilitation and mental health in primary care. According to our conclusions greater investment in the nurses' professional training is necessary in order to fulfill the demands of care to the people with mental illness presented by the Psychiatric Reform, which has been slowly consolidating with inclusion strategies that seem appropriate, but still insufficient. Eses Académicos del pasado y del presente sobre el Papel de la Enfermería en el Proceso y Rutina de la Desinstitucionalización Esta Revisión de integración objetiva explorar la producción científica nacional de enfermería psiquiátrica sobre la rehabilitación psicossocial en el período de 1992 a 2014.El análisis de los artículos levantados, resulta cinco categorías temáticas: enfermería y la Reforma Psiquiátrica, herramientas y estrategias que posibilitan la rehabilitación psicossocial, el contexto familiar en la rehabilitación psicossocial, CAPS y otros espacios como facilitadores de la rehabilitación psicossocial y salud mental en la atención básica.Nuestras conclusiones consideran la necesidad de una inversión mayor en la capacitación profesional del enfermero para compatibilizar con las demandas de atenciones a los enfermos mentales presentadas por la Reforma Psiquiátrica, que viene consolidándose de manera progresiva con estrategias de inclusión que parecen adecuadas, sin embargo aún insuficientes.
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