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Soil-borne viruses transmitted by Polymyxa graminis can lead to major yield losses in wheat crops worldwide. This work describes the identification of a soil-borne virus infecting wheat plants in Paraguay. Based on electron microscopy observations of virus particles in symptomatic leaf and molecular assays the virus was identified as wheat stripe mosaic virus (WhSMV). To our knowledge, this is the first report of WhSMV in Paraguay.

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Nicotiana glauca exhibiting very mild mottling on the leaves was found in the municipality of Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Transmission electron microscope analysis of symptomatic tissue, biological assay on virus indicator hosts, and near complete genome sequence indicated infection with the tobamovirus Tobacco mild green mosaic virus. To our knowledge this is the first report of the presence of this tobamovirus in Brazil.

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