A large number of states have issued guidance addressing the vapor intrusion pathway making it difficult to keep up with various policies and requirements. We have compiled and reviewed guidance from 35 states, half of which have issued documents within the last three years. A comparison of policies among states shows reasonable consistency in some areas-for example, 20 of 23 states that provide an exclusion distance for subsurface sources of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) use a distance of 100 feet. However, more commonly, the policy decisions vary widely. Among states, indoor air screening concentrations for the same VOC vary by more than 2,000 times and subsurface screening concentrations vary by more than 2,000,000 times. These wide discrepancies suggest a need for communication and consensus building in order to increase consistency in the management of the vapor intrusion pathway. O
Background One of the facets of nursing care, as a holistic profession, is cultural care. Considering the role of culture in individuals’ health behaviors, nurses are recommended to be mindful of cultural care. Since nursing educators should be culturally competent to teach cultural care to students, this study aimed to determine the cultural competence of nursing educators of medical sciences universities in the 2nd regional planning in Iran. Methods The current research was a descriptive and survey study framed within Campinha-Bacote’s cultural competency model. All nursing educators of universities of medical sciences in the 2nd regional planning of Iran (Tabriz, Urmia, Ardabil, Khoy, Maragheh, Sarab, and Khalkhal) were considered as research units, and the cultural diversity questionnaire for nursing faculties (CDQNE-R) was sent to them. Out of 129 questionnaires sent, 84 were turned back. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 22 software. Results The results of this study showed that the research participants agreed with the subscales of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, and cultural desire according to Sealey and Yates’ interpretation scale. Also, the research units cast doubts on the cultural encounter subscale. The mean scores of the participants’ responses to the questions of every subscale equaled 4.11, 3.52, 3.71, 3.38, and 3.93 for the subscales of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounter, and cultural desire, respectively. Likewise, the mean scores of participants’ responses to the subscales of transcultural educational behaviors and general cultural competence equaled 3.90 and 3.73. Conclusions The nursing faculties participating in the present study agreed with the 4 sub-models of Campinha-Bacote cultural care and the presence of cultural competence criteria. Also, the research units had doubts about the cultural encounter subscale. This result means that the research participants were undecided about their level of participation in face-to-face interactions with people from different cultural, racial, and ethnic groups. According to the results of the study, it is important to hold transcultural nursing training workshops and courses to maintain and improve the level of cultural competence of nursing faculties at universities of medical sciences in the 2nd regional planning in Iran.
ALFWAY THROUGH the second semester H of his freshman year at a large metropolitan college Bert could see he was not going to improve his first term's academic performance, and perhaps would not even equal it, and he determined to explore the possibilities of a fresh start on another campus. He was somewhat discouraged and disappointed with his current level of achievement, and he wanted to sit down with a counselor to examine &tically some of the aspects of his school and college life, his feelings about himself, his family's attitude toward his problem, and the idea of changing his career goals as well as his college.In his attempt to transfer to another institution, whether or not he was asked to leave his present college at the end of the year, Bert knew he was facing a difficult task and he wanted to make an accounting of assets and liabilities in order to present a fair statement for the consideration of admissions directors.Bert's parents were also included in the counseling sessions. His father, not a college graduate, was in the auditing department of a large publishing firm. His mother was a graduate of a teachers college and was still practicing her profession. Although they were grieved at Bert's unhappy experience they were eager to help him in any way possible. There was enough money to send him to a residential collegc if that seemed desirable. Bert seenied aware of his good fortune in having the understanding encouragement of his parents and his relationship with them was one of mutual respect and trust.Bert made a fine appearance, and he was well-mannered. He was able to see the reasons for his lack of achievement and was willing to accept the responsibility for what had happened.On the secondary school level Bert had had a mixed record at a competitive metropolitan high school with marks ranging from 70 to 95 and an average of 84.3. He ranked at about the middle of his class. His IQ was reported as 139. In extracurricular activities he had been a member of a few clubs and had participated in intramural athletics.Because Bert graduated at mid-year he took a postgraduate term of two advanced math courses and two advanced science courses and received grades of 85, 95, 95, and 92. These were much higher than previous marks in these subjects, his highest grades during his four-year program having been in social studies. Perhaps influenced by this success and by the emphasis on the need for engineers Bert decided to enter a college of engineering. He was accepted by three of the four large institutions to which he applied and he chose the one nearest home with the thought that he could save his parents some money.At the end of his first semester on the collcge level Bert receivcd C's in chemistry, English, ciigiiicering drawing, speech, and A Case Study 548Personnel and Guidance Journal
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