This study is motivated by the lack of reading material related to Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) in educational institutions. LMX studies in Indonesia are more dominant incorporates. The purpose of this study was to determine the study of LMX in educational institutions in Indonesia. This research is library research, the primary source of which is articles from journals. The article was taken from google scholar and eric.go.id search engines with the keywords Leader-Member Exchange. Deductive and inductive methods carried out data analysis. The results showed that LMX influenced OCB, innovative work behavior, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work engagement, employee voice, and performance. Increasing teacher LMX can be done by increasing self-efficacy and organizational justice.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the principal's leadership by looking at the urgency of the principal's leadership, the variables that affect the principal's leadership and the variables that are influenced by the principal's leadership. Methods: The research method used is the literature study method. The data obtained were then compiled and concluded based on the research objectives. Findings: The research findings show that the principal's leadership plays a very important role in realizing educational goals. There are three variables that affect the principal's leadership and eight variables that are influenced by the principal's leadership. Conclusion: Recruitment of school principals must be in accordance with the rules and training for existing school principals is necessary. Mastery of the 4C formula must be owned by the principal.

Penulisan bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan manajemen sumberdaya manusia dalam organisasi. Metode penulisan menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur (library research). Dari pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen sumber daya manusia adalah mengelola sumber daya manusia. Dari keseluruhan sumberdaya yang tersedia dalam organisasi, sumber daya manusia lah yang sangat penting dan sangat menentukan. Semua potensi yang dimiliki sumber daya manusia sangat berpengaruh kepada upaya organisasi dalam mencapai tujuan

<p><em>Sekolah dasar merupakan suatu pondasi yang kuat untuk anak kedepannya demi Pendidikan yang tinggi. Tidak sedikit peserta didik yang kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita apalagi pada kelas rendah hal ini tidak luput dari kemampuan peserta didik dalam membaca, kurangnya pemahaman dalam mengerjakan soal cerita dan yang paling penting minat mereka yang rendah dalam soal cerita. Kemampuan peserta didik dalam berpikir berbeda-beda apalagi untuk memahami soal, soal cerita merupakan bentuk evaluasi kemampuan peserta didik dalam berpikir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendiskripsikan tentang kesulitan peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada kelas rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi dan angket, berdasarkan hasil yang dipeoleh dari penelitian ini siswa kelas rendah khusus nya yang berada dikelas 2 mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita yang ada dari sulitnya memahami operasi perkalian, pengurangan dan penjumlahan dalam soal cerita tersebut.</em></p>

On the basis of preliminery field observatioan, the researcher noticed that the head of STISIPOL Imam Bonjol Padang was neither administrativel not academically capable to manage the institution. This condition may not continue should the STISIPOLwant to change institution to a better and modern academic human resource. The researce put its focus on how the head of STISIPOL behaved in the process of decision - making, one of the key aspect of management. The specific research question read follow, a). how the head of STISIPOL Imam Bonjol Padang behavedin decision making, b). what types of reactions of response were given by the academic and administrative staff toward leadership behaviour, c). what problems or handicaps were faced by the head of STISIPOL. This research was conducted by applying qualitative approach. In conclusion the research dare to say that it will be very hard to for STISIPOL Imam Bonjol Padang to change and improve unless the inner structure of personnel is revitalized including the change in the policy of academic staff recruitment.

It is undeniable that the grip of capitalism has been rooted in Indonesia since colonialism, independence to the development of today's globalization. The roots of capitalism in Indonesia have hindered the achievement of the objectives of implementing independence in terms of improving the economic welfare of the people. This can be seen in the Investment Law with its transfer and repatriation system which makes it easier for foreign companies to transfer their profits abroad, the plantation sector which is more profitable for large companies, the retail market which has begun to enter rural areas and the principle of developmentalism which allows large debts to international institutions. In order to strengthen the goal of independence, and to avoid the influence of capitalism which can undermine the stability of the national economy and social welfare, a deeper study of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution is needed. This research departs from normative legal research. The approach used is a legal-statutory approach and a historical approach. The results of this study prove that the 1945 Constitution has a very strong influence in determining the national economic system. Conducting a review of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution is important so that the State with its powers in realizing the greatest prosperity and welfare of society.

Maintaining business in times of multidimensional crisis due to the COVID 19 pandemic is something that is difficult for micro-entrepreneurs to do. The character of entrepreneurs affects every decision that must be made in a situation full of uncertainty. This paper reveals the relationship between locus if internal control (LoC) characteristics and the ability to sustain micro-entrepreneurial ventures. Research with a quantitative approach, the data were analyzed descriptively and associatively using the Pearson correlation formula, and contribution analysis. The instrument uses a questionnaire, the sample is entrepreneurs with the strength of micro-scale capital taken by random sampling using incidental sampling techniques through google form data collection. The analysis shows that the micro-entrepreneurial business conditions at a score of 63.8% are categorized as bad, while LoC has a score of 58.4% in the bad category, the correlation results have a positive direction of 0.726, the value of X's contribution to Y is 52.6%.

The background of this research is the importance of teachers having self-efficacy in carrying out their duties. There are not many writings that specifically discuss this issue. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of teachers’ self-efficacy by looking at the factors that influence it and the role of the principal in generating their self-efficacy. The research method used is a literature review method. The primary data sources are articles published in national and international journals from 2018 to 2022. The keywords in the article search were teacher “efikasi diri” and “self-efficacy”. The results of the study note that there are two factors that influence teacher self-efficacy, namely internal and external factors. The principal's effort in realizing teacher self-efficacy is the main one by implementing good communication.