Purpose: To report the etiology, clinical presentation, and morphology of congenital cataract in a tertiary care center. Methods: It is a prospective cohort study conducted at L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad. All children with congenital cataract ≤ 12 months of age that required surgical intervention between August 2015 and July 2016 were included in the study. 109 such patients were subjected to meticulous history taking, pedigree charting, ocular, and systemic examination, B-scan, TORCH testing, clinical photographs, pediatrician consult and blood tests, which included serum calcium, serum phosphorous and urine for reducing sugars. Results: The mean age of presentation was 4.1 months (±2.6 months) and both the genders were equally affected ( P = 0.49). Eighty-five patients (77.9%) presented with bilateral cataracts while 24 patients had a unilateral presentation (22.1%). The common morphological presentation was either a total or a nuclear cataract, both variants noticed in 47 patients (43.1%). TORCH infections were responsible for a maximum (37 patients, 33.4%) number of cases followed by familial (20 patients, 18%) and developmental anomalies (11 patients, 10.1%) while the total number of idiopathic cases were 24% (27 patients). Eighteen patients (16.5%) had congenital heart defects and the majority (16 patients, 88.9%) of these had positive TORCH titres. Conclusion: Familial cataract and those possibly due to TORCH are still the predominant cause of congenital cataract in this series-highlighting the role of vaccination and preventive measures.
Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the clinical presentations, microbiology, and management outcomes of post–cataract surgery endophthalmitis, with and without intracameral moxifloxacin prophylaxis. Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective, consecutive, comparative case series. Records of consecutive cataract surgery from January 1, 2015, till June 30, 2020, were analyzed. The cases that developed endophthalmitis were analyzed. The endophthalmitis cases were divided by their prophylaxis treatment into two groups: with intracameral moxifloxacin (ICM) and without (N-ICM). Inclusion criteria were (1) age ≥ 18 years, (2) cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation, (3) endophthalmitis within 6 weeks of cataract surgery, and (4) cataract surgery in the institute by any of the three methods—phacoemulsification, manual small incision cataract surgery, and extracapsular cataract extraction. Results: In the study period, 66,967 cataract surgeries were performed; 48.7% ( n = 32,649) did not receive ICM. There was no difference between the N-ICM and ICM groups in the incidence of clinical ( n = 21, 0.064% and n = 15, 0.043%; P = 0.23) and culture proven ( n = 19, 0.033% and n = 11, 0.023%; P = 0.99) endophthalmitis, respectively. Greater number of patients in the N-ICM group had lid edema (76.2% vs. 40%; P = 0.03), corneal edema (71.4% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.03) and lower presenting vision with available correction (logMAR [logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution] 1.26 ± 1.2 vs. logMAR 0.54 ± 0.85; P = 0.02). The final best-corrected visual acuity following treatment was worse in the N-ICM group (logMAR 1.26 ± 1.2 vs. 0.54 ± 0.85; P = 0.02). Conclusion: Endophthalmitis after intracameral moxifloxacin may have relatively milder signs and symptoms and may respond better to treatment.
Since the introduction of the first toric intraocular lens (IOLs) in the early 1990s, these lenses have become the preferred choice for surgeons across the globe to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery. These lenses allow patients to enjoy distortion-free distance vision with excellent outcomes. They also have their own set of challenges. Inappropriate keratometry measurement, underestimating the posterior corneal astigmatism, intraoperative IOL misalignment, postoperative rotation of these lenses, and IOL decentration after YAG-laser capsulotomy may result in residual cylindrical errors and poor uncorrected visual acuity resulting in patient dissatisfaction. This review provides a broad overview of a few important considerations, which include appropriate patient selection, precise biometry, understanding the design and science behind these lenses, knowledge of intraoperative surgical technique with emphasis on how to achieve proper alignment manually and with image-recognition devices, and successful management of postoperative complications.
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