Background Osteoporosis can make bone repair difficult. Low‐level laser therapy ( LLLT ) has been shown to be a promising tool for bone neoformation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of LLLT on calvaria bone defects of ovariectomized rats using stereology. Methods Fifty‐four Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, and bone defects were created in calvaria after 150 days. The animals were divided into nine groups (n = 6 per group), and 24 hours after the bone defects were created they received 3, 6 or 12 sessions of LLLT at 0, 20 or 30 J/cm 2 , using a 780‐nm low‐intensity GaAlAs laser. One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used for data processing. A difference of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The parameters evaluated were osteocyte density ( Nv ost ), total osteocyte number ( Nto ost ), trabecular surface density ( Sv t ), and trabecular surface area ( Sa t ). Results Data obtained showed that Nto ost , Sv t , and Sa t in group G2 rats were significantly different from G1 (0 J/cm 2 ) ( P < 0.05). Compared to group G4, G5 presented higher values for the parameters Sv t and Sa t , and G6 presented significantly higher values for almost all the analyzed parameters ( Nv ost , Nto ost , Sv t , and Sa t ) ( P < 0.05). Compared to group G7, G8 showed a higher value only for the parameter Sa t , and G9 showed significantly higher values for parameters Nv ost , Nto ost , Sv t , and Sa t . Conclusion We conclude that LLLT stimulated bone neoformation and contributed to an increase in the total number of osteocytes, especially with a laser energy density of 30 J/cm 2 given for 6 and 12 sessions.
Osteoporosis can affect a significant part of the population and fractures are the most common complications associated with this disease, leading to high public health costs. Thus, the prevention of fractures is relevant to individuals with signs and symptoms as well as to the health system. Postmenopausal osteoporosis has been associated with oxidative stress, emphasizing the importance of an efficient defense system to maintain bone health. Lycopene is a carotenoid with antioxidant properties that may stimulate osteoblastogenesis and inhibit osteoclastogenesis. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the influence of lycopene in the bone neoformation of calvaria defects in ovariectomized rats utilizing the concentration of 45 mg/kg. Wistar Hannover female rats were divided into ovariectomized and sham groups. The ovariectomized animals received 45 mg/kg lycopene (OvxL) or water (Ovx) by daily gavage the day after ovariectomy/sham surgery for 16 weeks. Twelve weeks after ovariectomy, there were performed 5-mm calvaria defects followed by euthanasia after 4 weeks. Samples of bone tissue were collected to perform morphological and morphometrical analysis of the neoformed bone area, and percentage with Software Image J. Morphological evaluation showed mature bone with more osteocytes in the group OVxL when compared to the other groups. The morphometrical analysis demonstrated a significant increase of bone neoformation in the group OvxL (p<0.05). The data obtained suggest that lycopene benefits bone repair in the absence of estrogenic hormones.
FREITAS, L. C.; SOUSA, L. G.; LEITE, G. L.; SCALIZE, P. H.; PITOL, D. L.; RIGHETTI, M. A.; RICARDO, V.; MELLO, E. C.; BOMBONATO-PRADO, K. F.; REGALO, S. C. H. & SIESSERE, S. Influence of green tea extract with different concentrations of epigallocatechin gallate on calvaria bone repair of ovariectomized rats. Int. J. Morphol., 37(4):1325Morphol., 37(4): -1330Morphol., 37(4): , 2019. SUMMARY:Impairing osteoporosis progression is a challenge, and recently the role of antioxidants has been associated to bone metabolism. Green tea extract is rich in catechins, especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which may help control osteoporosis damage in bone tissue. This investigation evaluated the efficacy of green tea ingestion containing different concentrations of EGCG in calvaria bone repair of ovariectomized rats. Wistar rats (n=15) were ovariectomized and divided into 3 groups: ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized + GTE 15 % EGCG (OVX/GTE15), and ovariectomized + GTE 94 % EGCG (OVX/GTE94). Green tea extract was administered by gavage in the concentration of 50 mg/kg and sham group (n=5) received water. Bone defects were performed in the calvaria 60 days after ovariectomy followed by 4 weeks until euthanasia. Bone samples were collected to perform qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of bone formation. Data obtained were submitted to normality and ANOVA statistical test for p<0.05. The mean values of neoformed bone for Sham, OVX, OVX/GTE15 and OVX/GTE94 were respectively: 21.11 ± 3.91; 19.92 ± 2.20; 33.05 ± 1.26 e 34.75 ± 0.54 (p<0.05). Results show that continuous ingestion of green tea extract immediately after ovariectomy shows positive effects in the prevention of bone loss in osteoporosis, even with low concentrations of EGCG. FREITAS, L. C.; SOUSA, L. G.; LEITE, G. L.; SCALIZE, P. H.; PITOL, D. L.; RIGHETTI, M. A.; RICARDO, V.; MELLO, E. C.; BOMBONATO-PRADO, K. F.; REGALO, S. C. H. & SIESSERE, S.Influence of green tea extract with different concentrations of epigallocatechin gallate on calvaria bone repair of ovariectomized rats. Int. J. Morphol., 37(4):1325Morphol., 37(4): -1330Morphol., 37(4): , 2019
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