Intensive use of asphalt generates pollutants into the atmosphere which are harmful to the environment and worrying for occupational health. The application of asphalt products leads to emissions of significant concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulate matter (PM) to the atmosphere. This paper aims to assess the pollutant emissions into the atmosphere in real conditions of asphalt paving through sampling and quantification of PM, Black Carbon (BC) and PAHs in fine particulate fraction and PAHs in gas phase. Concentration intervals of PM 1.0 , PM 2.5 , BC 1.0 and BC 2.5 found during a highway reconstruction in Londrina/PR were respectively 5.6-20.5; 6.3-24.2; 2.0-6.8 and 1.8-6.5 µg m-3. During asphalt surfacing at the same city's central bus station, the concentration intervals were 15.1-75.1; 19.7-150; 5.1-14.6 and 4.9-16.2 µg m-3 for PM 1.0 , PM 2.5 , BC 1.0 and BC 2.5 , respectively. PAHs in the gas and PM fractions were found in both situations with higher concentrations in the gas phase. The results of this work can provide useful information to society in order to improve practices and promote lower environmental impact and health protection.
Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) makes up a large mass fraction of the organic carbon in the aerosol and can influence important cloud processes in the atmosphere. The capacity of WSOC to form metallic complexes with transition metals is well known; however, its influence on the aerosol of urban areas in the Amazon region is not very well known. In this study, we investigated the relationship between WSOC, black carbon (BC), levoglucosan (LEV) and transition metals (Fe, Cu and Mn) present in the PM2.5 (particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 µm) of an urban environment during the dry season in the central Amazon. Oxalic acid (C2) was used to identify the influence of transition metals on WSOC. The mean mass concentration value of the PM2.5 was 14.72 μg m-3 (2.11-31.68 μg m-3). The WSOC made up 58.34% of the PM2.5 mass, followed by BC (20.28%), and LEV (2.62%). The WSOC showed significant correlation with the transition metals analyzed (> 0.56), especially Mn with C2 (linear coefficient (R2 ) = 0.74). A multiple linear regression with WSOC, BC and LEV showed a strong linear correlation between them (R2 = 0.86), indicating the influence of biomass burning and vehicle traffic on the organic aerosol.
A determinação de agrotóxicos no ar é um tema transversal e para que sejam subsidiadas políticas públicas ambientais e de saúde é necessário o fomento de estudos das áreas técnico-científicas contribuindo para o fortalecimento dos sistemas normativos. Assim, o presente artigo apresenta a determinação de agrotóxicos presentes no material particulado fino atmosférico coletados em área urbana de Ibiporã, norte do Estado do Paraná. Utilizando a cromatografia gasosa e líquida acopladas à espectrometria de massas em série foram confirmadas a presença de permetrina, picoxistrobina, atrazina, azametifós, benfuracarbe, cresoxim-metílico, clomazone, clorantraniliprole, dicrotofós, dimoxistrobina, espinosade D, etiofencarbe, fenamidona e fenpiroximato-(E). As concentrações médias totais dos agrotóxicos somaram 1,1 e 0,7 ng m-3 para setembro e novembro, respectivamente. Os resultados, em conjunto com outros estudos, poderão subsidiar políticas públicas de qualidade do ar englobando os agrotóxicos, objetivando a proteção da saúde ambiental e humana. Palavras-chave: Agrotóxicos; Ar; Políticas públicas; Saúde ambiental; Saúde humana.
The use of biofuels in Brazil is encouraged so it is important to monitor changes in emissions from combustion processes, in air quality and impacts on the environment. Concentrations of phenanthrene in vapor and particulate phases were measured inside a bus station following the changes in the biodiesel/diesel mixtures (B0 to B8) along seven sampling campaigns. Impactors were used for collection of fine particulate material (PM2.5) and for vapor phase, cartridges with resin XAD-4. Phenanthrene was determined by HPLC and fluorimetric detection. Comparing B0 and B8 campaigns, it was observed that phenanthrene concentrations decreased by 93 % in MP2.5 and 42 % in the vapor phase. Despite that decrease, the emissions resulting from the use of diesel/biodiesel blends with the growing addition of biodiesel should continue to be investigated, due to the health risks associated with HPA exposure.
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