A tecnologia de veículos híbridos está despontando como uma realidade daqui a duas décadas. Este trabalho visa mapear a faixa de maturidade tecnológica TRL 4 a 7 e identificar a visão de futuro de interesse de exportação da tecnologia por seus desenvolvedores. As métricas foram o número de documentos famílias de patentes e o número membros dessas famílias. Buscaram-se campos tecnológicos, evolução anual de portfólio de empresas, estado legal desse portfólio, distribuição mundial, e cotitulares. O país que mais detém a tecnologia em países estrangeiros é os Estados Unidos, enquanto que a China e suas empresas estão desenvolvendo tecnologias essencialmente para consumo nacional. A Toyota Motors tem um sólido portfólio para exportação tecnológica, cuja maior parte das tecnologias compreende componentes e sistemas eletrônicos de controle sistemas, enquanto que as tecnologias nacionais referem-se também produção e armazenamento de energia.Palavras-chave: Indústria automotiva. Veículos híbridos. Exportação de tecnologia. HYBRID VEHICLES: MATURITY TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT LEVEL TRL 4 TO 7 BASED PATENT MAPING ABSTRACTHybrid vehicle technology is emerging as a reality two decades from now. This work aims to assess the technological readiness level from TRL 4 to 7 and identify the vision of future for exportation and the patent owner's interest. The metrics were number of family patent documents and number of members within these families. Technological fields, annual evolution of company portfolio, legal status, worldwide distribution, and co-owners were determined and analyzed. Most export technologies included electronic control systems and component. Most of the national technologies consist of energy production and storage systems. The country that holds most of the technology in foreign countries is the United States. China and its companies are essentially developing technologies for domestic consumption. Toyota Motors has a solid technology export portfolio with several co-owners.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify, measure and optimise financial risk and its effect on returns from innovation projects on an accrual basis and on a cash basis in a commodity industry. Design/methodology/approach A hypothetical case study, based on a real case, of a petrochemical commodity industry in Brazil was analysed with commodities pricing rules based on actual contracts. Earnings at risk (EaR) and cash flow at risk (CFaR) measures were applied, as well as a metric proposed in this paper called cash balance at risk (CBaR). Findings The paper demonstrates that financial risk measurement and optimisation are important issues in the decision-making process in the petrochemical industry. EaR, CFaR and CBaR measures are helpful when used alongside standard procedures of project evaluation. The findings also show that innovative technologies, in certain conditions, may act as “natural hedging”. It was found that the time delay between revenues and expenses leads to financial risk exposure to changes in prices and foreign exchange rates. Projects can use financing and hedging to boost their results. Originality/value An innovative project was compared with an expansion project in a petrochemical industry. A model for petrochemical commodities contract pricing was added in an analysis that included financing and hedging. The findings in this paper suggest that it is important to consider financial risk measures in project evaluation.
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