The results of physical modeling of recreational beach protection by active protection methods are presented. The experiments were carried out in the wave pool on models of intermittent breakwaters with T-shaped and V-shaped traverses and dike dam systems. The use of active shore protection methods makes it possible to preserve natural and artificial beaches with the formation of a stable coastline. The geometrical parameters and hydrodynamic characteristics of the shore protection structures are established and recommendations for their operation are developed. Based on the research results, the dike dam system has been put into practice to protect the coastal strip of the "Urzuf" recreation complex on the shore of the Sea of Azov.
One of the important tasks for Ukraine is to restore navigation on the mouth of the Danube Bistre, using it as a European-Asian way from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea, and then to the East. Restoration of the deep-sea navigation of the Danube-Black Sea River has begun about ten years ago and has been progressing with great difficulty and interruptions. A protective enclosing dam of the Maritime approach channel of the Danube-Black Sea deep-water vessel was built in the water area of the Bystre estuary of the Kiliya Delta of the Danube River. This paper presents the results of mathematical and physical modeling of the improvement and reconstruction of the protection dam of the Maritime approach channel of the Danube-Black Sea deep-sea navigation. Numerical calculations of the transformation of wind waves in the water area near the dam for the most dangerous wind directions in stormy conditions are carried out. For mathematical modeling, the maximum values of wind and wave height were used, which were observed during the entire research period in the area of the dam. Within the framework of refraction theory, wave transformation calculations were performed for the most wave-dangerous directions of wind acceleration, namely, northeast, east, southeast and south wind directions. The results of calculations show that the construction of a protective dam at the exit of the Bystre estuary leads to a significant reduction in wave heights (almost twice) and their lengths by more than 1.5 times, which will ensure a smooth approach and exit of vessels to the Bystre estuary. To assess the characteristics of storm surges and wind waves in the study area was set "hypothetical" storm, when uniform in space and constant in time wind blows over the entire Black Sea. Simulations of wind waves were performed by the 3-step method of nested grids. Calculations were performed for twelve options directly. The morphodynamic calculations showed the areas of circulating near bottom currents inside the dam protected area and the peculiarities of the bottom deformation due to wave motion and storm rise of sea level. Experimental studies on a fragment of the dam model revealed the areas of greatest wave loads, features of wave transformation and pressure fields on the dam ridge. On the basis of theoretical and experimental researches the new step form of the dam which withstands storm wave loads is proposed.
A semi-empirical technique for calculating the parameters of wind waves at variable sea depths along the wind acceleration has been developed and presented. This technique allows you to determine the average values of wind wave heights, their length and period depending on the wind velocity, taking into account and without taking into account the heaping of water by wind. Within the framework of the described method, the calculations of wind wave parameters suitable for isobaths d = 20 m were performed for a specific study area of the Bistre (Novostambulske) branch of the Danube estuary, for the north-eastern and eastern wind directions. Numerical simulations were performed for the Black Sea in the location of the protection dam of the Maritime approach channel of the Danube-Black Sea deep-sea navigation. Numerical calculations of wind wave transformation in the water area near the protection dam for the most dangerous wind directions in stormy conditions were performed. For mathematical simulation, the maximum values of wind velocity and wave height were used, which were observed during the whole period of research of the Black Sea water area in the region of the dam. Within the framework of refraction theory, wave transformation calculations have been performed for the most wave-hazardous wind acceleration directions, namely, the north-eastern and eastern wind directions. It is shown that taking into account the heaping of water by wind leads to an increase in the parameters of gravitational waves. The results of numerical simulations have shown that with the increase of wind acceleration exceeding the limit values, the parameters of the waves reach constant values. These values depend on the bathymetry of the seabed, wind velocity and direction. It was found that the increase in the deviation of the free surface of the sea from the undisturbed level significantly depends on the heaping of water by wind. It was found that the relative increase in the wave parameters is observed higher in the east wind direction than in the northeast wind direction in the study area of the Black Sea.
Використання відновлюваних джерел енергії є нагальним та актуальним у життєдіяльності людства в сучасних умовах паливо-енергетичної кризи та забруднення навколишнього середовища. Одним із типів відновлюваних джерел енергії є припливні електростанції, в яких використовується потенційна енергія припливів і відливів. Визначення особливостей взаємодії хвильової течії з конструкціями припливної електростанції та створення умов безаварійної та ефективної роботи таких станцій є, безумовно, актуальною проблемою в сучасній енергетиці. Метою досліджень є визначення впливу гравітаційних хвиль на конструкцію припливної електростанції та розроблення рекомендацій щодо безпечних умов експлуатації припливної електростанції. В роботі проводяться чисельні та експериментальні дослідження взаємодії хвильової течії зі спорудами припливної електростанції та дамбою, яка огороджує закриту акваторію. Для цього використано сучасний апарат теоретичної гідромеханіки, теорії ймовірностей та математичної статистики, створено експериментальний стенд і проведені лабораторні дослідження в хвильовому басейні, де генератор хвиль генерував гравітаційні хвилі заданих параметрів. Проведені візуальні дослідження і визначені інтегральні та спектральні характеристики полів швидкості та тиску. Отримані гідродинамічні характеристики хвильового руху та течій через турбінні тракти електростанції і їх спектральні складові. Визначені поля тиску, навантаження і перекидуючих моментів сил на будівлю станції та встановлені особливості розмиву ґрунту у місці спряження станції та дна водойми. Проведені оцінки характеристик розмиву піщаного ґрунту поблизу припливної електростанції. Розроблені рекомендації щодо безаварійної роботи припливної електростанції та визначені оптимальні товщини піщаної подушки та кам’яної берми, на яких будується станція. Бібл. 20, рис. 5.
This paper presents the results of mathematical and physical modeling of the interaction of waves with the wave chamber on cylindrical supports and the upper part in the form of a permeable waterfront. On the basis of the diffraction model the mathematical modeling of refraction and transformation of waves near the structure is carried out. In the presence of a structure, the transformation of waves is co-accompanied by the phenomena of wave destruction at the edges of the structure and the partial reflection of residual waves from the walls of the protective front. Reflection phenomena cause changes in wave heights along the front of the structure. The results of experimental data are given, which showed that the structure with such a construction is resistant to waves, large soil erosion was not observed.
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