This paper reports a study into the special features of military (combat) activities at the present stage of military art development. The purpose was to subsequently define the basic requirements for reconnaissance-firing systems. The features under consideration are a rapid change in the situation, competition with an enemy for winning in time, accuracy, maneuverability, secrecy. They also involve a large amount of data that must be operated when deciding on combat use (hostilities). Other attributes of modern military (combat) activities are the consistency of operations and a clear structure of subordination; independence in maintenance and positioning. These data are useful and important because they make it possible to reasonably define the requirements for reconnaissance-firing systems. This paper has defined those requirements for reconnaissance-firing systems and such criteria for their selection that are predetermined by the specificity of military (combat) activities. The most important selection criteria include efficiency, accuracy, secrecy, robustness. Several actual reconnaissance-firing systems have been analyzed in order to demonstrate the use of the methodology. Specifically, «Kropyva» (Ukraine), «ArtOS» (Ukraine), «Obolon-A» (Ukraine), «Sokil» (Poland, Ukraine). A procedure for justifying the choice of reconnaissance-firing systems has been devised, taking into consideration the conditions of military (combat) activities, based on the method involving an analytic hierarchy process. A given procedure substantiates those selection criteria that were determined on the basis of patterns in modern military activities. From a practical point of view, the proposed methodology makes it possible to significantly reduce the time for planning an operation and considerably improve the validity of decisions by a commander (chief) regarding the choice of a reconnaissance-firing system and its further use in combat activities.

Modern means of fire influence in the traditional performance in recent years have not undergone any structural changes. However, certain areas of development of scientific and technical activities of mankind have made it possible to rethink approaches to the lethality of weapons. However, the so-called high-precision munitions, which have taken a fairly clear position in the weapons market have both a number of significant advantages in use, and no less than a list of disadvantages, one of which is the cost of production. However, the world's fleet of armored combat vehicles is growing steadily, while the list of anti-tank weapons is limited to anti-tank missile systems and, in some cases, single samples of anti-tank guns. The calculation of efficiency indicators today is traditionally based on the defeat of an armored vehicle by direct hit of a fragmentation and high-explosive projectile, rather than its so-called «useful fragments». The experience of recent local wars and conflicts requires increasing demands for new samples, characterized by the compilation of a means of destruction, a means of delivering fragile mass to a target, as well as the means of reconnaissance and the control devices of these components of fire influence on enemy armor. This problem can be solved by means of prospective anti-tank automatic cannons in combination with fragmentation and reconnaissance missiles and reconnaissance devices, including airborne (UAV, «flying platforms» type balloon). In addition to analyzing the directions of improving the means of defeat of combat armored vehicles, the mathematical apparatus by which it is possible to determine the expected consumption of shells on the target, which provides the effectiveness of firing, the ways of calculating the effectiveness indicators of damage to combat armored personnel by direct fire of prospective anti-tank means without shooting in return.

A method for calculation of coefficients of the impact of factors on the need for specialists of the highest qualification was proposed. The method is based on expert evaluation methods, in particular, on determining the importance, degree of realization, and tendency of factors that affect the need for highly qualified specialists. The method implements the unit of data reliability verification based on the Kendall coefficient of concordance and Pearson criterion. The method applies an original approach to determining the competence of experts, in particular, by taking into consideration self-evaluation, mutual evaluation, and objective evaluation. The proposed method makes it possible to take into account the influence of factors on the need for specialists of the highest qualification with the possibility of forecasting. The totality of factors that influence the need for specialists of the highest qualification and the magnitude of their impact was determined. They were determined by calculating the indicators of each of the criteria regarding importance, realization, and tendency. Determining was carried out using the algorithm for calculating the coefficients of influence of the factors on the need for specialists of the highest qualification. In general, the following groups of factors were determined: conditions of scientific and scientific-pedagogical activity at a certain institution of higher education, the attractiveness of scientific and scientific-pedagogical activity in a certain country (region), development of industry (speciality). A group of 30 experts was selected to determine the numerical values of the factors, which satisfies the condition for achieving a confidence probability of 0.94. The results of the evaluation of expert judgments revealed that the most influential factors are: social protection (0.87), budget for higher education (0.99), remuneration (0.9), and prestige of scientific and pedagogical activities (0.91). The least influential are: the number of primary positions in the area (0.48) and self-realization opportunities at a higher education institution (0.58).

During the long-term operation, anti-aircraft missile weapons are characterized by the technical condition and level of reliability change influeincing the efficiency on the intended use. The article presents a model of surface-to-air missile system (SAMS) reliability during long-term operation, which contains a set of models, namely: a model of operation of ground combat assets (GCA) of SAMS according to the typical cyclogram of intended use (TCIU); a reliability dynamics model of SAMS GCA in the established system of maintenance and repair (SMR) and a reliability dynamics model of surface-to-air missiles (SAM) during extended usage. It is expedient to use the developed model at substantiation of requirements to the indicators of SAMS and SAM reliability for their development or modernization; when developing SAMS repair plans in terms of determining the time of SAMS GCA and (or) SAM repairing time and when developing methods for assessing the effectiveness of SAMS taking into account the duration of SAMS GCA and SAMS usage.

During the long-term operation, anti-aircraft missile weapons are characterized by the technical condition and level of reliability change influeincing the efficiency on the intended use. The article presents a model of surface-to-air missile system (SAMS) reliability during long-term operation, which contains a set of models, namely: a model of operation of ground combat assets (GCA) of SAMS according to the typical cyclogram of intended use (TCIU); a reliability dynamics model of SAMS GCA in the established system of maintenance and repair (SMR) and a reliability dynamics model of surface-to-air missiles (SAM) during extended usage. It is expedient to use the developed model at substantiation of requirements to the indicators of SAMS and SAM reliability for their development or modernization; when developing SAMS repair plans in terms of determining the time of SAMS GCA and (or) SAM repairing time and when developing methods for assessing the effectiveness of SAMS taking into account the duration of SAMS GCA and SAMS usage.

The method of estimation and forecasting in intelligent decision support systems is developed. The essence of the proposed method is the ability to analyze the current state of the object under analysis and the possibility of short-term forecasting of the object state. The possibility of objective and complete analysis is achieved through the use of improved fuzzy temporal models of the object state, an improved procedure for forecasting the object state and an improved procedure for training evolving artificial neural networks. The concepts of a fuzzy cognitive model, in contrast to the known fuzzy cognitive models, are connected by subsets of fuzzy influence degrees, arranged in chronological order, taking into account the time lags of the corresponding components of the multidimensional time series. This method is based on fuzzy temporal models and evolving artificial neural networks. The peculiarity of this method is the ability to take into account the type of a priori uncertainty about the state of the analyzed object (full awareness of the object state, partial awareness of the object state and complete uncertainty about the object state). The ability to clarify information about the state of the monitored object is achieved through the use of an advanced training procedure. It consists in training the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, the type and parameters of the membership function, as well as the architecture of individual elements and the architecture of the artificial neural network as a whole. The object state forecasting procedure allows conducting multidimensional analysis, consideration and indirect influence of all components of a multidimensional time series with different time shifts relative to each other under uncertainty.

Мета роботи: Розкриття суті методичного підхіду щодо оцінювання рівня організації підготовки у Збройних Силах України. Метод: аналіз, експертне опитування. Теоретична цінність дослідження: основними результатами дослідження за тематикою статті є методичний підхід щодо оцінювання рівня організації підготовки у Збройних Силах України. Практична цінність дослідження: запропонований методичний підхід дозволяє оцінити рівень організації підготовки сил оборони. Цінність дослідження: використовуючи зазначену методику, суб’єкти підготовки отримують можливість провести необхідні розрахунки, надати обґрунтовані пропозиції керівникам військових організаційних структур для прийняття рішення на організацію підготовки. Тип статті: теоретичний, практичний.

Представлена опрацьована імітаційна модель руху універсальних колісних транспортних засобів типу Mercedes-Benz Unimog, що поєднує в собі як функції невеликого колісного трактора, так і повнопривідної вантажівки для руху, зокрема й бездоріжжям, у програмному середовищі MATLAB Simulink на технологічних операціях (обробка ґрунту) та в транспортному режимі. Математичний опис взаємодії коліс та навісного обладнання з поверхнею ґрунту, що деформується, ґрунтується на так званій WES-методиці армії США, що є загальноприйнятою і за межами НАТО та суттєво відрізняється від методології, прийнятої в колишньому СРСР. Оцінка фізико-механічних властивостей опорної поверхні на базі так званого конусного індексу СІ, який визначається стандартизованим вимірюванням опору деформацій конусоподібним пенетрометром, дозволить більш адекватно змоделювати процеси взаємодії колеса з пневматичною шиною з поверхнею, що деформується, та, відповідно, більш адекватно здійснити як оцінку адекватності конкретних конструкцій машин, так і нових моделей машин під час проєктних робіт. У процесі проєктних робіт щодо малотоннажної повнопривідної універсальної колісної машини, що дає змогу виконувати як технологічні операції обробітку ґрунту (аграрна та комунальна сфери), так і забезпечувати транспортування вантажів, зокрема й в умовах бездоріжжя, визначальним є формування необхідного діапазону передатних чисел трансмісії, зокрема необхідних значень знижувальних передач роздавальної коробки як для транспортного, так і технологічного режимів роботи. Наша праця присвячена формуванню відповідної імітаційної моделі руху.