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This research work focuses on the fabrication and study of a series of nanocomposites consisting of two types of hydroxyapatite (HA), obtained by precipitate (HAP) and sol–gel (HAG) methods, and a boro-silico-phosphate bioglass. The microstructure and chemical, mechanical, and biological properties as functions of three factors, namely (i) the type of hydroxyapatite, (ii) glass content, and (iii) sintering temperature, were investigated. It was found that all of these factors affect the final composition and microstructure, especially, porosity, which shows significantly lower values for HAP-based composites than for HAG-based ones and higher values for higher glass content. This, in turn, has an impact on the microhardness, which exhibits a strong correlation with porosity, as well as on the mineralization capability and cell viability due to the different dissolution rate.

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After demineralization the rabbit distal femoral osteochondral tissues were decellularized, separately with SDS and Triton X-100 for 24, 48 and 72 hours, at concentrations of 2%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The greatest DNA removal was achieved with Triton X-100 solutions. Cytotoxicity tests with CSM and chondrocytes have shown good and very good results, but a gradual decrease in cell viability related to the duration of treatment with surfactants compared to the control was registered. The same trend was observed in the cells population test after 7 days, while there was no difference at the 14th day. It was also determined that samples decellularized with SDS have a higher resistance to enzymatic degradation than the control and the decellularized tissue with Triton X-100. The swelling test and elasticity modulus measurements did not show values dependent of the surfactant nature.