Daun sirih yang sering dijumpai di pekarangan dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri karena mengandung 4,2% minyak atsiri yang sebagian besar terdiri dari beterfenol yang merupakan isomer euganol allylpyrocatechine, cineol metil euganol, caryophyllen, karikol, kavibekol, estragol, dan terpinen. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji ekstrak daun sirih untuk mengetahui nilai KHM (Kadar Hambat Minimum) dan KBM (Kadar Bakterisidal Minimum) terbaik menggunakan bakteri B.subtilis dan E.coli yang telah diuji sensitivitasnya terhadap antibiotik kloramfenikol, vankomisin, dan siprofolksasin. Metode yang digunakan adalah dilusi dan difusi. Metode dilusi digunakan untuk mengukur KHM dan KBM, sedangkan metode difusi digunakan untuk menentukan sensitivitas bakteri uji terhadap antibiotik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa KHM dan KBM terbaik yang diperoleh dari ekstrak daun sirih secara berurutan yaitu 6.25% dan 50%. Sensitivitas bakteri uji B.subtilis dan E.coli yang digunakan terhadap antibiotik kloramfenikol, vankomisin, dan siprofloksasin adalah suseptibel atau rentan.Kata-kata kunci: daun sirih, KHM, KBM, sensitivitas bakteri.
Daun sirih yang sering dijumpai di pekarangan dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri karena mengandung 4,2% minyak atsiri yang sebagian besar terdiri dari beterfenol yang merupakan isomer euganol allylpyrocatechine, cineol metil euganol, caryophyllen, karikol, kavibekol, estragol, dan terpinen. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji ekstrak daun sirih untuk mengetahui nilai KHM (Kadar Hambat Minimum) dan KBM (Kadar Bakterisidal Minimum) terbaik menggunakan bakteri B.subtilis dan E.coli yang telah diuji sensitivitasnya terhadap antibiotik kloramfenikol, vankomisin, dan siprofolksasin. Metode yang digunakan adalah dilusi dan difusi. Metode dilusi digunakan untuk mengukur KHM dan KBM, sedangkan metode difusi digunakan untuk menentukan sensitivitas bakteri uji terhadap antibiotik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa KHM dan KBM terbaik yang diperoleh dari ekstrak daun sirih secara berurutan yaitu 6.25% dan 50%. Sensitivitas bakteri uji B.subtilis dan E.coli yang digunakan terhadap antibiotik kloramfenikol, vankomisin, dan siprofloksasin adalah suseptibel atau rentan.Kata-kata kunci: daun sirih, KHM, KBM, sensitivitas bakteri.
In this covid-19 era pandemic, people are required to use computer technology to run the wheel of life, including learning something. Internet users, including smartphone users in Indonesia, are more than half of the population. Meanwhile, the body must be protected so that the body’s immunity is not susceptible to disease. If you are already sick, you must immediately be treated with the right medicine. If the use of drugs is not proper, surely the pain will get worse. But there are still many people who do not understand the class and function of drugs as they should. Therefore, this research develops an android-based application called SiGoba, an information system as a learning medium to recognize the class and function of drugs according to the Indonesian Drug Specialist Information (ISO). Drug data used are drugs commonly consumed by Indonesian people to treat minor ailments. This system was built using the waterfall model, with black-box testing. The system test results show that SiGoba has a function as a learning medium for recognizing drug classes and functions. We hope that SiGoba can be a learning media for the community so they can learn about how to use drugs according to their groups and functions, so it does not cause medication wrong. If this happens, it will have an impact on the recovery of the illness.
Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) has become a crucial examination in the management of cardiac emergencies. Accordingly, improvement of ECG interpretation skills is mandatory for general practitioners as the front-liners in emergency cases. The Mobile ECG application was developed as mobile learning media to facilitate continuing improvement of ECG interpretation skills.Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the Mobile ECG application toward ECG interpretation skills of general practitioners and medical students and evaluate its usability.Methods: A pilot quasi-experimental study was conducted in a 1-week timeframe using webinar and the Mobile ECG application. Subjects were recruited through consecutive sampling. They met the following criteria: 1) registered as general practitioners or medical students, 2) completed the basic ECG pre and post-tests, and 3) agreed to participate in the study. The Mobile ECG is a web-based application which consists of modules, quizzes, and gallery of ECG interpretations. Pre and post-test analysis and system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire were used to evaluate the impact and usability of the application.Results: A total of 252 subjects were recruited and 80.2% were general practitioners. There was a significant increase in post-test scores compared to pre-test (p=0.000) for all subjects. General practitioners significantly gained more score increment than medical students (1.08 vs 0.16, p=0.001). Based on the SUS score of 67.5, the application was marginally accepted by the users.Conclusion: To conclude, the implementation of the Mobile ECG application did improve basic ECG interpretation skills. According to the SUS score, this application still needs improvement.
Background Various electrocardiographic manifestations have been reported in COVID-19 which either result from myocarditis or insult-induced re-emerging of pre-existing condition. Some antiviruses used off-labelly for COVID-19, including favipiravir, are considered to be proarrhythmic. Meanwhile, anti-hypertensive drugs such as beta-blocker may induce bradyarrhythmia. Case Summary A 69-year-old male with confirmed COVID-19 and a history of uncontrolled hypertension presented with blood pressure of 216/111mmHg at admission. No sign and symptom of acute target organ damage had been reported. His electrocardiography showed normal sinus rhythm (heart rate [HR] 60bpm). The echocardiographic finding revealed normal heart function. He received favipiravir for 5 days, intravenous nicardipine (0.5mcg/kgBW/hour), and peroral amlodipine (1x10mg), candesartan (1x16mg), and bisoprolol (1x2.5mg). During hospitalization, the HR fluctuated between 52-109. On the sixth day, a total atrioventricular (AV) block with junctional escape rhythm (HR 66bpm) was present. Both favipiravir and bisoprolol were ceased simultaneously. The AV block persisted for 4 days then transformed into a junctional rhythm for the next 3 days and sinus bradycardia (HR 48bpm) thereafter. No pacing was performed. Discussion The possible differential diagnoses in this case include sick sinus syndrome (SSS), COVID-19-induced myocarditis, and drug-induced. The SSS might explain the wide variability of the HR. There were some reports presenting the sinus node dysfunction as a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further evaluation using Holter and/or electrophysiological study is warranted. Drug-induced cause may be excluded because the bradyarrhythmia remained after the cessation of both beta-blocker and favipiravir.
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